Racing Rules of Sailing 2009

PART 2

WHEN BOATS MEET

The rules of Part 2 apply between boats that are sailing in or near the racing area and intend to race, are racing, or have been racing. However, a boat not racing shall not be penalized for breaking one
of these rules, except rule 23.1.

When a boat sailing under these rules meets a vessel that is not, she shall comply with the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (IRPCAS) or government right-of-way rules. If the sail-

ing instructions so state, the rules of Part 2 are replaced by the right-of-way rules of the IRPCAS or by government right-of-way rules.

SECTION A

RIGHT OF WAY

A boat has right of way when another boat is required to keep clear of her. However, some rules in Sections B, C and D limit the actions of a right-of-way boat.

10 ON OPPOSITE TACKS

When boats are on opposite tacks, a port-tack boat shall keep clear of a starboard-tack boat.

11 ON THE SAME TACK, OVERLAPPED

When boats are on the same tack and overlapped, a windward boat shall keep clear of a leeward boat.

12 ON THE SAME TACK, NOT OVERLAPPED

When boats are on the same tack and not overlapped, a boat clear astern shall keep clear of a boat clear ahead.

13 WHILE TACKING

After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is on a close-hauled course. During that time rules 10, 11 and 12 do not apply. If two boats are subject to this rule at the same
time, the one on the other’s port side or the one astern shall keep clear.

SECTION B

GENERAL LIMITATIONS

14 AVOIDING CONTACT

A boat shall avoid contact with another boat if reasonably possible. However, a right-of-way boat or one entitled to room or mark-room

(a) need not act to avoid contact until it is clear that the other boat is not keeping clear or giving room or mark-room, and

(b) shall not be penalized under this rule unless there is contact that causes damage or injury.

15 ACQUIRING RIGHT OF WAY

When a boat acquires right of way, she shall initially give the other boat room to keep clear, unless she acquires right of way because of the other boat’s actions.

16 CHANGING COURSE

16.1 When a right-of-way boat changes course, she shall give the other boat room to keep clear.

16.2 In addition, when after the starting signal a port-tack boat is keeping clear by sailing to pass astern of a starboard-tack boat, the star-board-tack boat shall not change course if as a result the port-tack boat would immediately need to change course to continue keeping clear.

17 ON THE SAME TACK; PROPER COURSE

If a boat clear astern becomes overlapped within two of her hull lengths to leeward of a boat on the same tack, she shall not sail above her proper course while they remain on the same tack and overlapped within that distance, unless in doing so she promptly sails astern of the other boat. This rule does not apply if the overlap
begins while the windward boat is required by rule 13 to keep clear.

SECTION C

AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS

Section C rules do not apply at a starting mark surrounded by navigable water or at its anchor line from the time boats are approaching them to start until they have passed them. When rule 20 applies, rules 18 and 19 do not.

18 MARK-ROOM

18.1 When Rule 18 Applies

Rule 18 applies between boats when they are required to leave a mark on the same side and at least one of them is in the zone. However, it does not apply

(a) between boats on opposite tacks on a beat to windward,

(b) between boats on opposite tacks when the proper course at the mark for one but not both of them is to tack,

(d) if the mark is a continuing obstruction, in which case rule 19 applies.

18.2 Giving Mark-Room

(a) When boats are overlapped the outside boat shall give the
inside boat mark-room, unless rule 18.2(b) applies.

(b) If boats are overlapped when the first of them reaches the zone, the outside boat at that moment shall thereafter give the inside boat mark-room. If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room.

(c) When a boat is required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b), she shall continue to do so even if later an overlap is broken or a new overlap begins. However, if either boat passes head to wind or if the boat entitled to mark-room leaves the zone, rule 18.2(b) ceases to apply.

(d) If there is reasonable doubt that a boat obtained or broke an overlap in time, it shall be presumed that she did not.

(e) If a boat obtained an inside overlap from clear astern and, from the time the overlap began, the outside boat has been
unable to give mark-room, she is not required to give it.

18.3 Tacking When Approaching a Mark

If two boats were approaching a mark on opposite tacks and one of them changes tack, and as a result is subject to rule 13 in the zone when the other is fetching the mark, rule 18.2 does not thereafter
apply. The boat that changed tack

(a) shall not cause the other boat to sail above close-hauled to avoid her or prevent the other boat from passing the mark on the required side, and

(b) shall give mark-room if the other boat becomes overlapped
inside her.

18.4 Gybing

When an inside overlapped right-of-way boat must gybe at a mark to sail her proper course, until she gybes she shall sail no farther from the mark than needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not apply at a gate mark.

18.5 Exoneration

When a boat is taking mark-room to which she is entitled, she shall be exonerated

(a) if, as a result of the other boat failing to give her mark-room, she breaks a rule of Section A, or

(b) if, by rounding the mark on her proper course, she breaks a rule of Section A or rule 15 or 16.

19 ROOM TO PASS AN OBSTRUCTION

19.1 When Rule 19 Applies

Rule 19 applies between boats at an obstruction except when it is also a mark the boats are required to leave on the same side. However, at a continuing obstruction, rule 19 always applies and rule 18 does not.

19.2 Giving Room at an Obstruction

(a) A right-of-way boat may choose to pass an obstruction on
either side.

(b) When boats are overlapped, the outside boat shall give the inside boat room between her and the obstruction, unless she has been unable to do so from the time the overlap began.

(c) While boats are passing a continuing obstruction, if a boat that was clear astern and required to keep clear becomes overlapped between the other boat and the obstruction and, at the moment the overlap begins, there is not room for her to pass between them, she is not entitled to room under rule 19.2(b). While the boats remain overlapped, she shall keep clear and rules 10 and 11 do not apply.

20 ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION

20.1 Hailing and Responding

When approaching an obstruction, a boat sailing close-hauled or above may hail for room to tack and avoid another boat on the same tack. After a boat hails,

(a) she shall give the hailed boat time to respond;

(b) the hailed boat shall respond either by tacking as soon as possible, or by immediately replying ‘You tack’ and then giving the hailing boat room to tack and avoid her; and

20.2 Exoneration

When a boat is taking room to which she is entitled under rule 20.1(b), she shall be exonerated if she breaks a rule of Section A or rule 15 or 16.

20.3 When Not to Hail

A boat shall not hail unless safety requires her to make a substantial course change to avoid the obstruction. Also, she shall not hail if the obstruction is a mark that the hailed boat is fetching.

SECTION D

OTHER RULES

When rule 21 or 22 applies between two boats, Section A rules do not.

21 STARTING ERRORS; TAKING PENALTIES; MOVING ASTERN

21.1 A boat sailing towards the pre-start side of the starting line or one of its extensions after her starting signal to start or to comply with rule 30.1 shall keep clear of a boat not doing so until she is completely on the pre-start side.

21.2 A boat taking a penalty shall keep clear of one that is not.

21.3 A boat moving astern by backing a sail shall keep clear of one that is not.

22 CAPSIZED, ANCHORED OR AGROUND; RESCUING

If possible, a boat shall avoid a boat that is capsized or has not
regained control after capsizing, is anchored or aground, or is trying to help a person or vessel in danger. A boat is capsized when her masthead is in the water.

23 INTERFERING WITH ANOTHER BOAT

23.1 If reasonably possible, a boat not racing shall not interfere with a boat that is racing.

23.2 Except when sailing her proper course, a boat shall not interfere with a boat taking a penalty or sailing on another leg.

PART 3

CONDUCT OF A RACE

25 NOTICE OF RACE, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS AND SIGNALS

The notice of race and sailing instructions shall be made available to each boat before a race begins. The meanings of the visual and sound signals stated in Race Signals shall not be changed except under rule 86.1(b). The meanings of any other signals that may be used shall be stated in the sailing instructions.

26 STARTING RACES

Races shall be started by using the following signals. Times shall be taken from the visual signals; the absence of a sound signal shall be disregarded.

Signal	Flag and sound	Minutes before starting signal
Warning	Class flag; 1 sound	5*
Preparatory	P, I, Z, Z with I, or black flag; 1 sound	4
One-minute	Preparatory flag removed; 1 long sound	1
Starting	Class flag removed; 1 sound	0

*or as stated in the sailing instructions

The warning signal for each succeeding class shall be made with or after the starting signal of the preceding class.

27 OTHER RACE COMMITTEE ACTIONS BEFORE THE STARTING SIGNAL

27.1 No later than the warning signal, the race committee shall signal or otherwise designate the course to be sailed if the sailing instructions have not stated the course, and it may replace one course signal
with another and signal that wearing personal flotation devices is
required (display flag Y with one sound).

27.2 No later than the preparatory signal, the race committee may move a starting mark.

27.3 Before the starting signal, the race committee may for any reason postpone (display flag AP, AP over H, or AP over A, with two sounds) or abandon the race (display flag N over H, or N over A, with three sounds).

28 SAILING THE COURSE

28.1 A boat shall start, leave each mark on the required side in the correct order, and finish, so that a string representing her track after starting and until finishing would when drawn taut

(a) pass each mark on the required side,

(b) touch each rounding mark, and

She may correct any errors to comply with this rule. After finishing she need not cross the finishing line completely.

28.2 A boat may leave on either side a mark that does not begin, bound or end the leg she is on. However, she shall leave a starting mark on the required side when she is approaching the starting line from its
pre-start side to start.

29 RECALLS

29.1 Individual Recall

When at a boat’s starting signal any part of her hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of the starting line or she must comply with rule 30.1, the race committee shall promptly display flag X with one sound. The flag shall be displayed until all such boats are completely on the pre-start side of the starting line or one of its extensions and have complied with rule 30.1 if it applies, but no later than four minutes after the starting signal or one minute before any later

starting signal, whichever is earlier. If rule 30.3 applies this rule does not.

29.2 General Recall

When at the starting signal the race committee is unable to identify boats that are on the course side of the starting line or to which rule 30 applies, or there has been an error in the starting procedure, the race committee may signal a general recall (display the First Substitute with two sounds). The warning signal for a new start for the
recalled class shall be made one minute after the First Substitute is removed (one sound), and the starts for any succeeding classes shall follow the new start.

30 STARTING PENALTIES

30.1 I Flag Rule

If flag I has been displayed, and any part of a boat’s hull, crew or
equipment is on the course side of the starting line or one of its
extensions during the last minute before her starting signal, she shall thereafter sail from the course side across an extension to the pre-start side before starting.

30.2 Z Flag Rule

If flag Z has been displayed, no part of a boat’s hull, crew or equipment shall be in the triangle formed by the ends of the starting line and the first mark during the last minute before her starting signal. If a boat breaks this rule and is identified, she shall receive, without a hearing, a 20% Scoring Penalty calculated as stated in rule 44.3(c). She shall be penalized even if the race is restarted or resailed, but not

if it is postponed or abandoned before the starting signal. If she is similarly identified during a subsequent attempt to start the same race, she shall receive an additional 20% Scoring Penalty.

30.3 Black Flag Rule

If a black flag has been displayed, no part of a boat’s hull, crew or
equipment shall be in the triangle formed by the ends of the starting line and the first mark during the last minute before her starting signal. If a boat breaks this rule and is identified, she shall be disqualified without a hearing, even if the race is restarted or resailed, but not if it is postponed or abandoned before the starting signal. If a general recall is signalled or the race is abandoned after the starting signal, the race committee shall display her sail number before the next warning signal for that race, and if the race is restarted or resailed she shall not sail in it. If she does so, her disqualification shall not be

excluded in calculating her series score.

31 TOUCHING A MARK

While racing, a boat shall not touch a starting mark before starting, a mark that begins, bounds or ends the leg of the course on which she is sailing, or a finishing mark after finishing.

32 SHORTENING OR ABANDONING AFTER THE START

32.1 After the starting signal, the race committee may shorten the course (display flag S with two sounds) or abandon the race (display flag N, N over H, or N over A, with three sounds), as appropriate,

(a) because of an error in the starting procedure,

(b) because of foul weather,

(d) because a mark is missing or out of position, or

(e) for any other reason directly affecting the safety or fairness of the competition,

or may shorten the course so that other scheduled races can be sailed. However, after one boat has sailed the course and finished within the time limit, if any, the race committee shall not abandon the race without considering the consequences for all boats in the race or
series.

32.2 If the race committee signals a shortened course (displays flag S with two sounds), the finishing line shall be,

(a) at a rounding mark, between the mark and a staff displaying flag S;

(b) at a line boats are required to cross at the end of each lap, that line;

The shortened course shall be signalled before the first boat crosses
the finishing line.

33 CHANGING THE NEXT LEG OF THE COURSE

The race committee may change a leg of the course that begins at a

rounding mark or at a gate by changing the position of the next mark

(or the finishing line) and signalling all boats before they begin the leg. The next mark need not be in position at that time.

(a) If the direction of the leg will be changed, the signal shall be the display of flag C with repetitive sounds and either

(1) the new compass bearing or

(2) a green triangular flag or board for a change to starboard or a red rectangular flag or board for a change to port.

(b) If the length of the leg will be changed, the signal shall be the display of flag C with repetitive sounds and a ‘–’ if the length will be decreased or a ‘+’ if it will be increased.

34 MARK MISSING

If a mark is missing or out of position, the race committee shall, if possible,

(a) replace it in its correct position or substitute a new one of similar appearance, or

(b) substitute an object displaying flag M and make repetitive sound signals.

35 TIME LIMIT AND SCORES

If one boat sails the course as required by rule 28.1 and finishes within the time limit, if any, all boats that finish shall be scored
according to their finishing places unless the race is abandoned. If no boat finishes within the time limit, the race committee shall abandon the race.

36 RACES RESTARTED OR RESAILED

If a race is restarted or resailed, a breach of a rule, other than rule 30.3, in the original race shall not prohibit a boat from competing or, except under rule 30.2, 30.3 or 69, cause her to be penalized.

PART 4

OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING

Part 4 rules apply only to boats racing.

40 PERSONAL FLOTATION DEVICES

When flag Y is displayed with one sound before or with the warning

signal, competitors shall wear personal flotation devices, except briefly while changing or adjusting clothing or personal equipment.

Wet suits and dry suits are not personal flotation devices.

41 OUTSIDE HELP

A boat shall not receive help from any outside source, except

(a) help for an ill or injured crew member;

(b) after a collision, help from the crew of the other boat to get clear;

(d) unsolicited information from a disinterested source, which may be another boat in the same race.

42 PROPULSION

42.1 Basic Rule

Except when permitted in rule 42.3 or 45, a boat shall compete by
using only the wind and water to increase, maintain or decrease her speed. Her crew may adjust the trim of sails and hull, and perform other acts of seamanship, but shall not otherwise move their bodies to propel the boat.

42.2 Prohibited Actions

Without limiting the application of rule 42.1, these actions are
prohibited:

(a) pumping: repeated fanning of any sail either by pulling in and releasing the sail or by vertical or athwartship body movement;

(b) rocking: repeated rolling of the boat, induced by

(1) body movement,

(2) repeated adjustment of the sails or centreboard, or

(3) steering;

(d) sculling: repeated movement of the helm that is either forceful or that propels the boat forward or prevents her from moving astern;

(e) repeated tacks or gybes unrelated to changes in the wind or to tactical considerations.

42.3 Exceptions

(a) A boat may be rolled to facilitate steering.

(b) A boat’s crew may move their bodies to exaggerate the rolling that facilitates steering the boat through a tack or a gybe, provided that, just after the tack or gybe is completed, the boat’s speed is not greater than it would have been in the absence of the tack or gybe.

(c) Except on a beat to windward, when surfing (rapidly accelerating down the leeward side of a wave) or planing is possible, the boat’s crew may pull the sheet and the guy controlling any sail in order to initiate surfing or planing, but only once for each wave or gust of wind.

(d) When a boat is above a close-hauled course and either stationary or moving slowly, she may scull to turn to a close-hauled course.

(e) A boat may reduce speed by repeatedly moving her helm.

(f) Any means of propulsion may be used to help a person or
another vessel in danger.

(g) To get clear after grounding or colliding with another boat or object, a boat may use force applied by the crew of either boat and any equipment other than a propulsion engine.

(h) Sailing instructions may, in stated circumstances, permit propulsion using an engine or any other method, provided the boat does not gain a significant advantage in the race.

Note: Interpretations of rule 42 are available at the ISAF website (www.sailing.org) or by mail upon request.

43 COMPETITOR CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT

43.1 (a) Competitors shall not wear or carry clothing or equipment for the purpose of increasing their weight.

(b) Furthermore, a competitor’s clothing and equipment shall not weigh more than 8 kilograms, excluding a hiking or trapeze harness and clothing (including footwear) worn only below the knee. Class rules or sailing instructions may specify a lower weight or a higher weight up to 10 kilograms. Class rules may include footwear and other clothing worn below the knee within that weight. A hiking or trapeze harness shall have
positive buoyancy and shall not weigh more than 2 kilograms,
except that class rules may specify a higher weight up to
4 kilograms. Weights shall be determined as required by
Appendix H.

weighing clothing and equipment believes a competitor may

have broken rule 43.1(a) or 43.1(b) he shall report the matter in writing to the race committee.

43.2 Rule 43.1(b) does not apply to boats required to be equipped with lifelines.

44 PENALTIES AT THE TIME OF AN INCIDENT

44.1 Taking a Penalty

A boat may take a Two-Turns Penalty when she may have broken a rule of Part 2 while racing or a One-Turn Penalty when she may have broken rule 31. Sailing instructions may specify the use of the Scoring Penalty or some other penalty. However,

(a) when a boat may have broken a rule of Part 2 and rule 31 in the same incident she need not take the penalty for breaking rule 31;

(b) if the boat caused injury or serious damage or gained a significant advantage in the race or series by her breach her penalty shall be to retire.

44.2 One-Turn and Two-Turns Penalties

After getting well clear of other boats as soon after the incident as possible, a boat takes a One-Turn or Two-Turns Penalty by promptly making the required number of turns in the same direction, each turn including one tack and one gybe. When a boat takes the penalty at or near the finishing line, she shall sail completely to the course side of the line before finishing.

44.3 Scoring Penalty

(a) A boat takes a Scoring Penalty by displaying a yellow flag at the first reasonable opportunity after the incident.

(b) When a boat has taken a Scoring Penalty, she shall keep the yellow flag displayed until finishing and call the race committee’s attention to it at the finishing line. At that time she shall also inform the race committee of the identity of the other boat involved in the incident. If this is impracticable, she shall do so at the first reasonable opportunity and within the time limit for protests.

(c) The race score for a boat that takes a Scoring Penalty shall be the score she would have received without that penalty, made worse by the number of places stated in the sailing instructions.

However, she shall not be scored worse than Did Not Finish. When the sailing instructions do not state the number of places, the number shall be the whole number (rounding 0.5 upward) nearest to 20% of the number of boats entered. The scores of other boats shall not be changed; therefore, two boats may
receive the same score.

45 HAULING OUT; MAKING FAST; ANCHORING

A boat shall be afloat and off moorings at her preparatory signal. Thereafter, she shall not be hauled out or made fast except to bail out, reef sails or make repairs. She may anchor or the crew may stand on the bottom. She shall recover the anchor before continuing in the race unless she is unable to do so.

46 PERSON IN CHARGE

A boat shall have on board a person in charge designated by the member or organization that entered the boat. See rule 75.

47 LIMITATIONS ON EQUIPMENT AND CREW

47.1 A boat shall use only the equipment on board at her preparatory
signal.

47.2 No person on board shall intentionally leave, except when ill or
injured, or to help a person or vessel in danger, or to swim. A person leaving the boat by accident or to swim shall be back on board before the boat continues in the race.

48 FOG SIGNALS AND LIGHTS

When safety requires, a boat shall sound fog signals and show
lights as required by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea or applicable government rules.

49 CREW POSITION

49.1 Competitors shall use no device designed to position their bodies outboard, other than hiking straps and stiffeners worn under the thighs.

49.2 When lifelines are required by the class rules or the sailing instructions they shall be taut, and competitors shall not position any part of their torsos outside them, except briefly to perform a necessary task. On boats equipped with upper and lower lifelines of wire, a competitor sitting on the deck facing outboard with his waist inside the lower lifeline may have the upper part of his body outside the upper lifeline.

50 SETTING AND SHEETING SAILS

50.1 Changing Sails

When headsails or spinnakers are being changed, a replacing sail may be fully set and trimmed before the replaced sail is lowered. However, only one mainsail and, except when changing, only one spinnaker shall be carried set at a time.

50.2 Spinnaker Poles; Whisker Poles

Only one spinnaker pole or whisker pole shall be used at a time
except when gybing. When in use, it shall be attached to the foremost mast.

50.3 Use of Outriggers

(a) No sail shall be sheeted over or through an outrigger, except as permitted in rule 50.3(b) or 50.3(c). An outrigger is any fitting or other device so placed that it could exert outward pressure on a sheet or sail at a point from which, with the boat upright, a vertical line would fall outside the hull or deck planking. For the purpose of this rule, bulwarks, rails and rubbing strakes are not part of the hull or deck planking and the following are not outriggers: a bowsprit used to secure the tack of a working sail, a bumkin used to sheet the boom of a working sail, or a boom of a boomed headsail that requires no adjustment when tacking.

(b) Any sail may be sheeted to or led above a boom that is
regularly used for a working sail and is permanently attached to the mast from which the head of the working sail is set.

(c) A headsail may be sheeted or attached at its clew to a spinnaker pole or whisker pole, provided that a spinnaker is not set.

50.4 Headsails

The difference between a headsail and a spinnaker is that the mid-girth of a headsail, measured from the mid-points of its luff and leech, does not exceed 50% of the length of its foot, and no other
intermediate girth exceeds a percentage similarly proportional to its distance from the head of the sail. A sail tacked down behind the foremost mast is not a headsail.

51 MOVABLE BALLAST

All movable ballast, including sails that are not set, shall be properly

stowed. Water, dead weight or ballast shall not be moved for the purpose of changing trim or stability. Floorboards, bulkheads, doors, stairs and water tanks shall be left in place and all cabin fixtures kept

on board. However, bilge water may be bailed out.

52 MANUAL POWER

A boat’s standing rigging, running rigging, spars and movable hull appendages shall be adjusted and operated only by manual power.

53 SKIN FRICTION

A boat shall not eject or release a substance, such as a polymer, or have specially textured surfaces that could improve the character of the flow of water inside the boundary layer.

54 FORESTAYS AND HEADSAIL TACKS

Forestays and headsail tacks, except those of spinnaker staysails when the boat is not close-hauled, shall be attached approximately on a boat’s centreline.

PART 5

PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

SECTION A

PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION

60 RIGHT TO PROTEST; RIGHT TO REQUEST REDRESS OR RULE 69 ACTION

60.1 A boat may

(a) protest another boat, but not for an alleged breach of a rule of Part 2 unless she was involved in or saw the incident; or

(b) request redress.

60.2 A race committee may

(a) protest a boat, but not as a result of information arising from a request for redress or an invalid protest, or from a report from an interested party other than the representative of the boat herself;

(b) request redress for a boat; or

However, when the race committee receives a report required by rule 43.1(c) or 78.3, it shall protest the boat.

60.3 A protest committee may

(1) if it learns of an incident involving her that may have
resulted in injury or serious damage, or

(2) if during the hearing of a valid protest it learns that the boat, although not a party to the hearing, was involved in the incident and may have broken a rule;

(b) call a hearing to consider redress; or

61 PROTEST REQUIREMENTS

61.1 Informing the Protestee

(a) A boat intending to protest shall inform the other boat at the first reasonable opportunity. When her protest concerns an
incident in the racing area that she is involved in or sees, she shall hail ‘Protest’ and conspicuously display a red flag at the first reasonable opportunity for each. She shall display the flag until she is no longer racing. However,

(1) if the other boat is beyond hailing distance, the protesting boat need not hail but she shall inform the other boat at the first reasonable opportunity;

(2) if the hull length of the protesting boat is less than 6
metres, she need not display a red flag;

(3) if the incident results in damage or injury that is obvious to the boats involved and one of them intends to protest, the requirements of this rule do not apply to her, but she shall attempt to inform the other boat within the time limit of rule 61.3.

(b) A race committee or protest committee intending to protest a boat shall inform her as soon as reasonably possible. However, if the protest arises from an incident the committee observes in the racing area, it shall inform the boat after the race within the time limit of rule 61.3.

(c) If the protest committee decides to protest a boat under rule 60.3(a)(2), it shall inform her as soon as reasonably possible, close the current hearing, proceed as required by rules 61.2 and 63, and hear the original and the new protests together.

61.2 Protest Contents

A protest shall be in writing and identify

(a) the protestor and protestee;

(b) the incident, including where and when it occurred;

(d) the name of the protestor’s representative.

However, if requirement (b) is met, requirement (a) may be met at any time before the hearing, and requirements (c) and (d) may be met before or during the hearing.

61.3 Protest Time Limit

A protest by a boat, or by the race committee or protest committee about an incident the committee observes in the racing area, shall be delivered to the race office within the time limit stated in the sailing instructions. If none is stated, the time limit is two hours after the last boat in the race finishes. Other race committee or protest committee protests shall be delivered to the race office no later than two hours after the committee receives the relevant information. The protest committee shall extend the time if there is good reason to do so.

62 REDRESS

62.1 A request for redress or a protest committee’s decision to consider redress shall be based on a claim or possibility that a boat’s score in a race or series has, through no fault of her own, been made significantly worse by

(a) an improper action or omission of the race committee, protest

committee or organizing authority, but not by a protest committee decision when the boat was a party to the hearing;

(b) injury or physical damage because of the action of a boat that was breaking a rule of Part 2 or of a vessel not racing that was required to keep clear;

(d) a boat against which a penalty has been imposed under rule 2 or disciplinary action has been taken under rule 69.1(b).

62.2 The request shall be in writing and be delivered to the race office no later than the protest time limit or two hours after the incident,

whichever is later. The protest committee shall extend the time if there is good reason to do so. No red flag is required.

SECTION B

HEARINGS AND DECISIONS

63 HEARINGS

63.1 Requirement for a Hearing

A boat or competitor shall not be penalized without a protest hearing,
except as provided in rules 30.2, 30.3, 67, 69, A5 and P2. A decision
on redress shall not be made without a hearing. The protest committee shall hear all protests and requests for redress that have been
delivered to the race office unless it allows a protest or request to be withdrawn.

63.2 Time and Place of the Hearing; Time for Parties to Prepare

All parties to the hearing shall be notified of the time and place of the hearing, the protest or redress information shall be made available to them, and they shall be allowed reasonable time to prepare for the hearing.

63.3 Right to Be Present

(a) The parties to the hearing, or a representative of each, have
the right to be present throughout the hearing of all the
evidence. When a protest claims a breach of a rule of Part 2, 3 or 4, the representatives of boats shall have been on board
at the time of the incident, unless there is good reason for the protest committee to rule otherwise. Any witness, other than a member of the protest committee, shall be excluded except when giving evidence.

(b) If a party to the hearing of a protest or request for redress does

not come to the hearing, the protest committee may nevertheless decide the protest or request. If the party was unavoidably absent, the committee may reopen the hearing.

63.4 Interested Party

A member of a protest committee who is an interested party shall not take any further part in the hearing but may appear as a witness.

Protest committee members must declare any possible self-interest as soon as they are aware of it. A party to the hearing who believes a

member of the protest committee is an interested party shall object as soon as possible.

63.5 Validity of the Protest or Request for Redress

At the beginning of the hearing the protest committee shall take any
evidence it considers necessary to decide whether all requirements

for the protest or request for redress have been met. If they have been met, the protest or request is valid and the hearing shall be continued. If not, the committee shall declare the protest or request invalid and close the hearing. If the protest has been made under rule 60.3(a)(1), the committee shall also determine whether or not injury or serious damage resulted from the incident in question. If not, the hearing shall be closed.

63.6 Taking Evidence and Finding Facts

The protest committee shall take the evidence of the parties to the hearing and of their witnesses and other evidence it considers necessary. A member of the protest committee who saw the incident may give evidence. A party to the hearing may question any person who gives evidence. The committee shall then find the facts and base its decision on them.

63.7 Conflict between the Notice of Race and the Sailing Instructions

If there is a conflict between a rule in the notice of race and one in the sailing instructions that must be resolved before the protest
committee can decide a protest or request for redress, the committee shall apply the rule that it believes will provide the fairest result for all boats affected.

63.8 Protests between Boats in Different Races

A protest between boats sailing in different races conducted by
different organizing authorities shall be heard by a protest committee acceptable to those authorities.

64 DECISIONS

64.1 Penalties and Exoneration

(a) When the protest committee decides that a boat that is a
party to a protest hearing has broken a rule, it shall disqualify her unless some other penalty applies. A penalty shall be
imposed whether or not the applicable rule was mentioned in the protest.

(b) If a boat has taken an applicable penalty, rule 64.1(a) does not apply to her unless the penalty for a rule she broke is a disqualification that is not excludable from her series score.

(c) When as a consequence of breaking a rule a boat has compelled another boat to break a rule, rule 64.1(a) does not apply to the other boat and she shall be exonerated.

(d) If a boat has broken a rule when not racing, her penalty shall apply to the race sailed nearest in time to that of the incident.

64.2 Decisions on Redress

When the protest committee decides that a boat is entitled to redress under rule 62, it shall make as fair an arrangement as possible for all boats affected, whether or not they asked for redress. This may be to adjust the scoring (see rule A10 for some examples) or finishing times of boats, to abandon the race, to let the results stand or to make some other arrangement. When in doubt about the facts or probable results of any arrangement for the race or series, especially before abandoning the race, the protest committee shall take evidence from appropriate sources.

64.3 Decisions on Measurement Protests

(a) When the protest committee finds that deviations in excess of tolerances specified in the class rules were caused by damage or normal wear and do not improve the performance of the boat, it shall not penalize her. However, the boat shall not race again until the deviations have been corrected, except when the protest committee decides there is or has been no reasonable opportunity to do so.

(b) When the protest committee is in doubt about the meaning of a measurement rule, it shall refer its questions, together with the relevant facts, to an authority responsible for interpreting the rule. In making its decision, the committee shall be bound by the reply of the authority.

(c) When a boat disqualified under a measurement rule states in writing that she intends to appeal, she may compete in subsequent races without changes to the boat, but shall be disqualified if she fails to appeal or the appeal is decided against her.

(d) Measurement costs arising from a protest involving a measurement rule shall be paid by the unsuccessful party unless the protest committee decides otherwise.

65 INFORMING THE PARTIES AND OTHERS

65.1 After making its decision, the protest committee shall promptly
inform the parties to the hearing of the facts found, the applicable rules, the decision, the reasons for it, and any penalties imposed or redress given.

65.2 A party to the hearing is entitled to receive the above information
in writing, provided she asks for it in writing from the protest
committee no later than seven days after being informed of the decision. The committee shall then promptly provide the information,
including, when relevant, a diagram of the incident prepared or
endorsed by the committee.

65.3 When the protest committee penalizes a boat under a measurement rule, it shall send the above information to the relevant measurement authorities.

66 REOPENING A HEARING

The protest committee may reopen a hearing when it decides that it may have made a significant error, or when significant new evidence becomes available within a reasonable time. It shall reopen a hearing when required by the national authority under rule F5. A party to the hearing may ask for a reopening no later than 24 hours after being
informed of the decision. When a hearing is reopened, a majority of the members of the protest committee shall, if possible, be members of the original protest committee.

67 RULE 42 AND HEARING REQUIREMENT

When so stated in the sailing instructions, the protest committee may penalize without a hearing a boat that has broken rule 42, provided that a member of the committee or its designated observer has seen the incident, and a disqualification under this rule shall not be
excluded from the boat’s series score. A boat so penalized shall be informed by notification in the race results.

68 DAMAGES

The question of damages arising from a breach of any rule shall be governed by the prescriptions, if any, of the national authority.

SECTION C

GROSS MISCONDUCT

69 ALLEGATIONS OF GROSS MISCONDUCT

69.1 Action by a Protest Committee

(a) When a protest committee, from its own observation or a report received from any source, believes that a competitor may have committed a gross breach of a rule, good manners or sportsmanship, or may have brought the sport into disrepute, it may call a hearing. The protest committee shall promptly inform the competitor in writing of the alleged misconduct and of the

time and place of the hearing. If the competitor provides good reason for being unable to attend the hearing, the protest committee shall reschedule it.

(b) A protest committee of at least three members shall conduct the hearing, following the procedures in rules 63.2, 63.3(a), 63.4 and 63.6. If it decides that the competitor committed the
alleged misconduct it shall either

(1) warn the competitor or

(2) impose a penalty by excluding the competitor and, when appropriate, disqualifying a boat, from a race or the
remaining races or all races of the series, or by taking other action within its jurisdiction. A disqualification
under this rule shall not be excluded from the boat’s
series score.

(c) The protest committee shall promptly report a penalty, but not a warning, to the national authorities of the venue, of the com-

petitor and of the boat owner. If the protest committee is an
international jury appointed by the ISAF under rule 89.2(b), it shall send a copy of the report to the ISAF.

(d) If the competitor does not provide good reason for being
unable to attend the hearing and does not come to it, the protest committee may conduct it without the competitor present. If the committee does so and penalizes the competitor, it shall
include in the report it makes under rule 69.1(c) the facts found, the decision and the reasons for it.

(e) If the protest committee chooses not to conduct the hearing without the competitor present or if the hearing cannot be scheduled for a time and place when it would be reasonable for the competitor to attend, the protest committee shall collect all available information and, if the allegation seems justified, make a report to the relevant national authorities. If the protest committee is an international jury appointed by the ISAF under rule 89.2(b), it shall send a copy of the report to the ISAF.

(f) When the protest committee has left the event and a report
alleging misconduct is received, the race committee or organizing authority may appoint a new protest committee to proceed under this rule.

69.2 Action by a National Authority or Initial Action by the ISAF

(a) When a national authority or the ISAF receives a report alleg-

ing a gross breach of a rule, good manners or sportsmanship, a report alleging conduct that has brought the sport into disrepute, or a report required by rule 69.1(c) or 69.1(e), it may conduct an investigation and, when appropriate, shall conduct a hearing. It may then take any disciplinary action within its
jurisdiction it considers appropriate against the competitor or boat, or other person involved, including suspending eligibility, permanently or for a specified period of time, to compete in any event held within its jurisdiction, and suspending ISAF eligibility under ISAF Regulation 19.

(b) The national authority of a competitor shall also suspend
the ISAF eligibility of the competitor as required in ISAF Regulation 19.

(c) The national authority shall promptly report a suspension of eligibility under rule 69.2(a) to the ISAF, and to the national authorities of the person or the owner of the boat suspended if they are not members of the suspending national authority.

69.3 Subsequent Action by the ISAF

Upon receipt of a report required by rule 69.2(c) or ISAF Regulation

19, or following its own action under rule 69.2(a), the ISAF shall

inform all national authorities, which may also suspend eligibility for events held within their jurisdiction. The ISAF Executive Committee shall suspend the competitor’s ISAF eligibility as required in ISAF Regulation 19 if the competitor’s national authority does not do so.

SECTION D

APPEALS

70 APPEALS AND REQUESTS TO A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

70.1 Provided that the right of appeal has not been denied under rule 70.5, a party to a hearing may appeal a protest committee’s decision or its procedures, but not the facts found.

70.2 A protest committee may request confirmation or correction of its decision.

70.3 An appeal under rule 70.1 or a request by a protest committee under rule 70.2 shall be sent to the national authority with which the organizing authority is associated under rule 89.1. However, if boats will pass through the waters of more than one national authority while racing, the sailing instructions shall identify the national authority to which appeals or requests may be sent.

70.4 A club or other organization affiliated to a national authority may request an interpretation of the rules, provided that no protest or
request for redress that may be appealed is involved. The interpretation shall not be used for changing a previous protest committee
decision.

70.5 There shall be no appeal from the decisions of an international jury constituted in compliance with Appendix N. Furthermore, if the
notice of race and the sailing instructions so state, the right of appeal may be denied provided that

(a) it is essential to determine promptly the result of a race that will qualify a boat to compete in a later stage of an event or
a subsequent event (a national authority may prescribe that its approval is required for such a procedure);

(b) a national authority so approves for a particular event open only to entrants under its own jurisdiction; or

(c) a national authority after consultation with the ISAF so
approves for a particular event, provided the protest committee is constituted as required by Appendix N, except that only two members of the protest committee need be International Judges.

70.6 Appeals and requests shall conform to Appendix F.

71 NATIONAL AUTHORITY DECISIONS

71.1 No interested party or member of the protest committee shall take any part in the discussion or decision on an appeal or a request for confirmation or correction.

71.2 The national authority may uphold, change or reverse the protest committee’s decision; declare the protest or request for redress invalid; or return the protest or request for the hearing to be reopened, or for a new hearing and decision by the same or a different protest committee.

71.3 When from the facts found by the protest committee the national
authority decides that a boat that was a party to a protest hearing broke a rule, it shall penalize her, whether or not that boat or that rule was mentioned in the protest committee’s decision.

71.4 The decision of the national authority shall be final. The national
authority shall send its decision in writing to all parties to the hearing and the protest committee, who shall be bound by the decision.

APPENDIX B

WINDSURFING COMPETITION RULES

Windsurfing competition shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as changed by this appendix. The term ‘boat’ elsewhere in the racing rules means ‘board’ or ‘boat’ as appropriate. A windsurfing event can include one or more of the following disciplines or their formats:

Discipline Formats

Racing Course racing; slalom; marathon

Expression Wave performance; freestyle

Speed

In expression competition a board’s performance is judged on skill and variety rather than speed and is organized using elimination
series. Either wave performance or freestyle competition is organized, depending on the wave conditions at the venue. In speed
competition, a ‘round’ consists of one or more speed runs in which the boards take turns sailing the course at intervals. In the racing discipline a marathon race is a race scheduled to last more than one hour.

In racing or expression competition, ‘heat’ means one elimination contest, a ‘round’ consists of one or more heats, and an elimination series consists of one or more rounds.

B1 DEFINITIONS

B1.1 The following additional definitions apply:

About to Round or Pass A board is about to round or pass a mark when her proper course is to begin to manoeuvre to round or pass it.

Beach Start When the starting line is on the beach, or so close to the beach that the competitor must stand in the water to start, the start is a beach start.

Capsized A board is capsized when her sail or the competitor is in the water.

B1.2 The following definitions apply only to expression competition:

Coming In and Going Out A board sailing in the same direction as the incoming surf is coming in. A board sailing in the direction
opposite to the incoming surf is going out.

Jumping A board is jumping when she takes off at the top of a wave while going out.

Overtaking A board is overtaking from the moment she gains an overlap from clear astern until the moment she is clear ahead of the overtaken board.

Possession The first board sailing shoreward immediately in front of a wave has possession of that wave. However, when it is impossible to determine which board is first the windward board has
possession.

Recovering A board is recovering from the time her sail or, when water-starting, the competitor is out of the water until she has
steerage way.

Surfing A board is surfing when she is on or immediately in front of a wave while coming in.

Transition A board changing tacks, or taking off while coming in, or one that is not surfing, jumping, capsized or recovering is in
transition.

B2 RULES FOR ALL COMPETITION

Rule B2 applies to all competition.

B2.1 Changes to the Rules of Part 4

(a) Rule 42 is changed to ‘A board shall be propelled only by the action of the wind on the sail, by the action of the water on the hull and by the unassisted actions of the competitor.’

(b) Add to rule 43.1(a): ‘However, a competitor may wear a drinking container that shall have a capacity of at least one litre and weigh no more than 1.5 kilograms when full.’

(d) Add to rule 47.1: ‘except as stated in rule 41.2’. (See rule B4.4.)

B2.2 Entry and Qualification

Add to rule 78.1: ‘When so prescribed by the ISAF, a numbered and dated device on a board and her centreboard, fin and rig shall serve as her measurement certificate.’

B2.3 Event Organization

(a) The last sentence of rule 90.2(c) is deleted.

(b) Add new rule 90.2(d): ‘Oral instructions may be given only if the procedure is stated in the sailing instructions.’

B2.4 Identification on Sails

(a) Add to rule G1.1(a): ‘The insignia shall not refer to anything other than the manufacturer or class and shall not consist of more than two letters and three numbers or an abstract design.’

(b) Rules G1.3(a), G1.3(c), G1.3(d) and G1.3(e) are changed to

The class insignia shall be displayed once on each side of the sail in the area above a line projected at right angles from a point on the luff of the sail one-third of the distance from the head to the wishbone. The national letters and sail numbers shall be in the central third of that part of the sail above the wishbone, clearly separated from any advertising. They shall be black and applied back to back on an opaque white background. The background shall extend a minimum of 30 mm beyond the characters. Between the national letters and sail number a ‘–’ and normal spacing shall be applied.

B2.5 Touching a Mark

Rule 31 is changed to ‘A board may touch a mark but shall not hold on to it.’

B2.6 Deleted Rules

Rules 17, 18.3, 43.2, 44.3, 45, 47.2, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 61.1(a)(2), 67, J2.2(28) and J2.2(33) are deleted.

B3 RULES FOR RACING COMPETITION

Rule B3 applies to racing competition. Rule B2 also applies.

B3.1 Changes to the Rules of Part 2, Section C

(a) The first sentence of rule 18.1 is changed to ‘Rule 18 applies between boards when they are required to leave a mark on the same side and at least one of them is about to round or pass it.’

(b) Rule 18.2(b) is changed to

If boards are overlapped when the first of them is about to round or pass the mark, the outside board at that
moment shall thereafter give the inside board mark-room. If a board is clear ahead when she is about to round or pass the mark, the board clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room.

When a board is required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b), she shall continue to do so even if later an overlap is broken or a new overlap begins. However, if either board passes head to wind rule 18.2(b) ceases to apply.

(d) Rule 18.4 is changed to

When an inside overlapped right-of-way board must gybe or bear away at a mark to sail her proper course, until she gybes or bears away she shall sail no farther from the mark than needed to sail that course. Rule 18.4 does not apply at a gate mark.

B3.2 Changes to Other Rules of Part 2

(a) In the preamble of Part 2, ‘rule 23.1’ is changed to ‘rules 23.1 and 23.3’.

(b) Add new rule 16.3:

In slalom racing, a right-of-way board shall not change course during the last 30 seconds before her starting signal if as a result the other board would have to take
immediate action to avoid contact.

(c) Rule 22 becomes rule 22.1 and its last sentence is deleted. Add new rule 22.2: ‘A capsized board shall not take an action that hinders another board.’

(d) Rule 23.1 is changed to ‘If reasonably possible, a board not racing shall not interfere with a board that is racing. After
finishing, a board shall immediately clear the finishing line and marks and avoid boards still racing.’

(e) Add new rule 23.3: ‘A board shall not sail in the course area defined in the sailing instructions when races are taking place except in her own race.’

(f) Add new rule 24:

24 SAIL OUT OF THE WATER WHEN STARTING

When approaching the starting line to start, a board shall have her sail out of the water and in a normal position,
except when accidentally capsized.

B3.3 Starting Races

The sailing instructions shall specify one of these starting systems.

(a) system 1

See rule 26, Starting Races.

(b) system 2

Races shall be started by using the following signals. Times shall be taken from the visual signals; the absence of a sound signal shall be disregarded.

Signal	Flag and sound	Minutes before starting signal
Attention	Class flag or heat number	3
Warning	Red flag; attention signal removed; 1 sound	2
Preparatory	Yellow flag; red flag removed; 1 sound	1
	Yellow flag removed	1/2
Starting	Green flag; 1 sound	0

(1) Before her start each board in a heat or class shall draw a number for her station on the starting line. The stations shall be numbered so that station 1 is the most windward one.

(2) After boards have been called to take their positions, the race committee shall make the preparatory signal by
displaying a red flag with one sound. The starting signal shall be made, at any time after the preparatory signal, by
removing the red flag with one sound.

(3) After the starting signal each board shall take the shortest route from her starting station to her windsurfing position in the water (with both of the competitor’s feet on the board).

B3.4 Other Rules for the Conduct of a Race

Add new rule 29.3:

29.3 Recall for a Slalom Race

(a) When at a board’s starting signal for a slalom race or heat any part of her hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of the starting line, the race committee shall signal a general recall.

(b) If the race committee acts under rule 29.3(a) and the board is identified, she shall be disqualified without a hearing, even if the race or heat is abandoned. The race committee shall hail or display her sail number, and she shall leave the course area immediately. If the race or heat is restarted or resailed, she shall not sail in it.

(c) If a slalom race or heat was completed but was later abandoned by the protest committee and if the race or heat is resailed, a board disqualified under rule 29.3(b) may sail in it.

B4 RULES FOR EXPRESSION COMPETITION

B4.1 Right-of-Way Rules

These rules replace all rules of Part 2.

(a) coming in and going out

A board coming in shall keep clear of a board going out. When two boards are going out or coming in while on the same wave, or when neither is going out or coming in, a board on port tack shall keep clear of one on starboard tack.

(b) boards on the same wave, coming in

When two or more boards are on a wave coming in, a board that does not have possession shall keep clear.

A board clear astern and not on a wave shall keep clear of a board clear ahead. An overtaking board that is not on a wave shall keep clear.

(d) transition

A board in transition shall keep clear of one that is not. When two boards are in transition at the same time, the one on the other’s port side or the one astern shall keep clear.

B4.2 Starting and Ending Heats

Heats shall be started and ended by using the following signals:

(a) starting a heat

Each flag shall be removed when the next flag is displayed.

Signal	Flag and sound	Minutes before starting signal
Attention	Heat number	3
Warning	Red flag; 1 sound	2
Preparatory	Yellow flag; 1 sound	1
Starting	Green flag; 1 sound	0

(b) ending a heat

Signal

Flag and sound

Minutes before ending signal

End warning

Green flag removed;
1 sound

Ending

Red flag; 1 sound

B4.3 Registration of Sails; Course Area; Heat Duration

(a) Boards shall register with the race committee the colours and other particulars of their sails, or their identification according to another method stated in the sailing instructions, no later than the starting signal for the heat two heats before their own.

(b) The course area shall be defined in the sailing instructions and posted on the official notice board no later than 10 minutes
before the starting signal for the first heat. A board shall be scored only while sailing in the course area.

(c) Any change in heat duration shall be announced by the race committee no later than 15 minutes before the starting signal for the first heat in the next round.

B4.4 Outside Help

Rule 41 becomes rule 41.1. Add new rule 41.2:

An assistant may provide replacement equipment to a board but shall keep clear of other boards competing. A board whose assistant fails to keep clear shall be penalized. The penalty shall be at the discretion of the protest committee.

B5 ELIMINATION SERIES

Rule B5 applies when an elimination series is organized in which boards compete in heats.

B5.1 Elimination Series Procedure

(a) Competition shall take the form of one or more elimination
series. Each of them shall consist of either a maximum of four rounds in a single elimination series where only a number of the best scorers advance, or a maximum of ten rounds in a
double elimination series where boards have more than one
opportunity to advance.

(b) Boards shall sail one against another in pairs, or in groups
determined by the elimination ladder. The selected form of competition shall not be changed while a round remains
uncompleted.

B5.2 Seeding and Ranking Lists

(a) When a seeding or ranking list is used to establish the heats of the first round, places 1–8 (four heats) or 1–16 (eight heats) shall be distributed evenly among the heats.

(b) For a subsequent elimination series, if any, boards shall be
reassigned to new heats according to the ranking in the previous elimination series.

B5.3 Heat Schedule

The schedule of heats shall be posted on the official notice board no later than 30 minutes before the starting signal for the first heat.

B5.4 Advancement and Byes

(a) In racing and expression competition, the boards in each heat to advance to the next round shall be announced by the race committee no later than 10 minutes before the starting signal for the first heat. The number advancing may be changed by the protest committee as a result of a redress decision.

(b) In expression competition, any first-round byes shall be
assigned to the highest-seeded boards.

(d) In freestyle competition, boards shall advance to the next round as follows: from an eight-board heat, the best four advance, and the winner will sail against the fourth and the second against the third; from a four-board heat, the best two advance and will sail against each other.

B5.5 Finals

(a) The final shall consist of a maximum of three races. The race committee shall announce the number of races to be sailed in the final no later than five minutes before the warning signal for the first final race.

(b) A runners-up final may be sailed after the final. All boards
in the semifinal heats that failed to qualify for the final may
compete in it.

B6 RULES FOR SPEED COMPETITION

B6.1 General Rules

All rules of Part 2 are replaced by relevant parts of this rule.

(a) beach and water starting

A board shall not beach start or water start on the course or in the starting area, except to sail off the course to avoid boards that are starting or racing.

(b) leaving the course area

A board leaving the course area shall keep clear of boards
racing.

When the race committee points an orange flag at a board, she shall immediately leave the course area.

(d) returning to the starting area

A board returning to the starting area shall keep clear of the course.

(e) run; round

The maximum number of runs to be made by each board in a round shall be announced by the race committee no later than 15 minutes before the starting signal for the first round.

(f) duration of a round

The duration of a round shall be announced by the race committee no later than 15 minutes before the starting signal for the next round.

(g) conditions for establishing a record

The minimum distance for a world record is 500 metres. Other records may be established over shorter distances. The course shall be defined by posts and transits ashore or by buoys afloat. Transits shall not converge.

B6.2 Starting System for Speed Competition

Rounds shall be started and ended by using the following signals. Each flag shall be removed when the next flag is displayed.

(a) starting a round

Signal	Flag	Meaning
Stand-by	Red flag	Course closed
Course closed	AP and red flag	Course closed; will open shortly
Preparatory	Yellow flag	Course will open in 5 minutes
Starting	Green flag	Course is open

(b) ending a round

Signal	Flag	Meaning
End warning	Green and yellow flag	Course will be closed in 5 minutes
Extension	Green flag and L	Current round extended by 15 minutes
Round ended	Red flag and L	A new round will be started shortly

B6.3 Penalties

(a) If a board fails to comply with a warning by the race committee, she may be cautioned and her sail number shall be posted on a notice board near the finishing line.

(b) If a board is cautioned a second time during the same round, she shall be suspended by the race committee from the remainder of the round and her sail number shall be posted on the
official notice board.

(c) A board observed in the course area while suspended shall be excluded from the competition without a hearing and none of her previous times or results shall be valid.

(d) Any breach of the verification rules may result in a suspension from the competition for any period.

B6.4 Verification

(a) An observer appointed by the World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC) shall be present and verify run times and speeds at world record attempts. The race committee shall
verify run times and speeds at other record attempts.

(b) A competitor shall not enter the timing control area or discuss any timing matter directly with the timing organization. Any timing question shall be directed to the race committee.

B7 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS AND APPEALS

B7.1 The first three sentences of rule 61.1(a) are replaced by

A board intending to protest shall inform the other board at the first reasonable opportunity. When her protest concerns an
incident in the racing area that she is involved in or sees, she shall hail ‘Protest’. She shall inform the race committee of her intention to protest immediately after she finishes or retires.

B7.2 In an elimination series, protests and requests for redress shall be made orally immediately following the heat in which the incident
occurred. The protest committee may take evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.

B7.3 Add new rule 62.1(e): ‘a board that failed to keep clear and caused capsize of the other board.’

B7.4 Add new rule 70.7: ‘Appeals are not permitted in disciplines with elimination series.’

B8 SCORING

B8.1 Overall Scores

If an event includes more than one discipline or format the sailing
instructions shall state how the overall score is to be calculated.

B8.2 Series Scores

Rule A2 is changed to

Each board’s series score shall be the total of her race, elimination series or speed round scores with the number of her worst scores excluded as follows:

Course races	Speed rounds	Slalom and expression elimination series	Number excluded
1–4	1–3	1–2	0
5–11	4–6	3–4	1
12 or more	7–10	5–7	2
	11–15	8 or more	3
	16 or more		4

If a board has two or more equal worst scores, the score(s) for the race(s) sailed earliest in the series shall be excluded. The board with the lowest series score wins and others shall be ranked accordingly. Rules B8.5, B8.6 and B8.7 contain exceptions to this rule.

B8.3 Scoring Systems

Add to the end of the first sentence of rule A4.2: ‘or, in an elimination series, the number of boards in that heat’.

B8.4 Uncompleted Heat

When a heat cannot be completed, the points for the unscored places shall be added together and divided by the number of places in that heat. The resulting number of points, to the nearest tenth of a point (0.05 to be rounded upward), shall be given to each board entered in the heat.

B8.5 Scoring a Final Series in Slalom Racing

(a) If three final races are completed, a board’s series score in the final shall be the total of her race scores excluding her worst score. Otherwise her series score shall be the total of her race scores.

(b) A board that did not start, did not finish, retired after finishing or was disqualified from a final race shall be scored points equal to the total number of boards entered in the final.

B8.6 Expression Competition Scoring

(a) Expression competition shall be scored by a panel of three judges. However, the panel may have a greater odd number of members, and there may be two such panels. Each judge shall give points for each manoeuvre based on the scale stated in the sailing instructions.

(b) The criteria of scoring shall be decided by the race committee and announced on the official notice board no later than 30 minutes before the starting signal for the first heat.

(c) A board’s heat standing shall be determined by adding together the points given by each judge. The board with the highest score wins and others shall be ranked accordingly.

(d) Both semifinal heats shall have been sailed for an elimination series to be valid.

(e) Except for members of the race committee responsible for scoring the event, only competitors in the heat shall be allowed to see judges’ score sheets for the heat. Each score sheet shall bear the full name of the judge.

(f) Scoring decisions of the judges shall not be grounds for a
request for redress by a board.

B8.7 Speed Competition

The speeds of a board’s fastest two runs in a round shall be averaged to determine her standing in that round. The board with the highest average wins and others shall be ranked accordingly.

B8.8 Series Ties

(a) racing and speed competition

Rule A8 is changed as follows for racing and speed competition:

(1) Add new rule A8.1: ‘If there is a series-score tie between two or more boards, it shall be broken in favour of the board(s) with the best single excluded race score(s).’

(2) Rule A8.1 becomes rule A8.2. Its beginning ‘If there is a series-score tie’ is changed to ‘If a tie remains’ and its last sentence is changed to ‘These scores shall be used even if some of them are excluded scores.’

(3) Rule A8.2 becomes rule A8.3 and its beginning ‘If a tie remains’ is changed to ‘If a tie still remains’.

(b) expression competition

Rule A8 is changed as follows for expression competition:

(1) In a heat, if there is a tie in the total points given by one
or more judges, it shall be broken in favour of the board with the higher single score in the priority category. If the
categories are weighted equally, in wave performance competition the tie shall be broken in favour of the board with the higher single score in wave riding, and in freestyle competition in favour of the board with the higher score for overall impression. If a tie remains, in wave
performance competition it shall be broken in favour of the board with the higher single score in the category without priority, and in freestyle competition it shall stand as the final result.

(2) If there is a tie in the series score, it shall be broken in
favour of the board that scored better more times than the other board. All scores shall be used even if some of them are excluded scores.

(3) If a tie still remains, the heat shall be resailed. If this is not possible, the tie shall stand as the final result.

APPENDIX C

MATCH RACING RULES

Match races shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as changed by this appendix. Matches shall be umpired unless the
notice of race and sailing instructions state otherwise.

C1 TERMINOLOGY

‘Competitor’ means the skipper, team or boat as appropriate for
the event. ‘Flight’ means two or more matches started in the same
starting sequence.

C2 CHANGES TO THE DEFINITIONS AND THE RULES OF PARTS 2 AND 4

C2.1 The definition Finish is changed to

A boat finishes when any part of her hull, or crew or equipment in normal position, crosses the finishing line in the direction of the course from the last mark after completing any penalties. However, when penalties are cancelled under rule C7.2(d) after one or both boats have finished each shall be recorded as
finished when she crossed the line.

C2.2 Add to the definition Proper Course: ‘A boat taking a penalty or
manoeuvring to take a penalty is not sailing a proper course.’

C2.3 In the definition Zone the distance is changed to two hull lengths.

C2.4 Rule 13 is changed to

13 WHILE TACKING OR GYBING

13.1 After a boat passes head to wind, she shall keep clear of other boats until she is on a close-hauled course.

13.2 After the foot of the mainsail of a boat sailing downwind crosses the centreline she shall keep clear of other boats until her mainsail has filled.

13.3 While rule 13.1 or 13.2 applies, rules 10, 11 and 12 do not. However, if two boats are subject to rule 13.1 or 13.2 at the same time, the one on the other’s port side or the one astern shall keep clear.

C2.5 Rule 16.2 is deleted.

C2.6 Rule 18.3 is changed to

If two boats were on opposite tacks and one of them changes tack and as a result is subject to rule 13.1 in the zone when the other is fetching the mark, rule 18.2 does not thereafter apply. If, once the boat that changed tack has completed her tack,

(a) the other boat cannot by luffing avoid becoming overlapped inside her, she is entitled to mark-room, the boat that changed tack shall keep clear and rule 15 does not apply;

(b) the other boat can by luffing avoid becoming overlapped inside her, the boat that changed tack is entitled to mark-room.

C2.7 When rule 20 applies, the following arm signals by the helmsman are required in addition to the hails:

(a) for ‘Room to tack’, repeatedly and clearly pointing to windward; and

(b) for ‘You tack’, repeatedly and clearly pointing at the other boat and waving the arm to windward.

C2.8 Rule 23.1 is changed to ‘If reasonably possible, a boat not racing shall not interfere with a boat that is racing or an umpire boat.’

C2.9 Add new rule 23.3: ‘When boats in different matches meet, any change of course by either boat shall be consistent with complying with a rule or trying to win her own match.’

C2.10 Add to the preamble of Part 4: ‘Rule 42 shall also apply between the warning and preparatory signals.’

C2.11 Rule 42.2(d) is changed to ‘sculling: repeated movement of the helm to propel the boat forward;’

C3 RACE SIGNALS AND CHANGES TO RELATED RULES

C3.1 Starting Signals

The signals for starting a match shall be as follows. Times shall be taken from the visual signals; the failure of a sound signal shall be disregarded. If more than one match will be sailed, the starting signal for one match shall be the warning signal for the next match.

Time in minutes	Visual signal	Sound signal	Means
10	Flag F displayed	One	Attention signal
6	Flag F removed	None
5	Numeral pennant displayed*	One	Warning signal
4	Flag P displayed	One	Preparatory signal
2	Blue or yellow flag or both displayed**	One**	End of pre-start entry time
0	Warning and preparatory signals removed	One	Starting signal

*Within a flight, numeral pennant 1 means Match 1, pennant 2 means Match 2, etc., unless the sailing instructions state otherwise.

**These signals shall be made only if one or both boats fail to comply with rule C4.2. The flag(s) shall be displayed until the umpires have signalled a penalty or for one minute, whichever is earlier.

C3.2 Changes to Related Rules

(a) Rule 29.1 is changed to

(1) When at a boat’s starting signal any part of her hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of the starting line or one of its extensions, the race committee shall promptly display a blue or yellow flag identifying the boat with one sound. The flag shall be displayed until the boat is completely on the pre-start side of the starting line or one of its extensions or until two minutes after her starting signal, whichever is earlier.

(2) When at a boat’s starting signal no part of her hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of the starting line or one of its extensions, and before she starts she sails to the course side across an extension, the race committee shall promptly display a blue or yellow flag identifying the boat. The flag shall be displayed until the boat is
completely on the pre-start side of the starting line or one of its extensions or until two minutes after her starting signal, whichever is earlier.

(b) In the race signal AP the last sentence is changed to ‘The
attention signal will be made 1 minute after removal unless at that time the race is postponed again or abandoned.’

(c) In the race signal N the last sentence is changed to ‘The attention signal will be made 1 minute after removal unless at that time the race is abandoned again or postponed.’

C3.3 Finishing Line Signals

The race signal Blue flag or shape shall not be used.

C4 REQUIREMENTS BEFORE THE START

C4.1 At her preparatory signal, each boat shall be outside the line that is
at a 90º angle to the starting line through the starting mark at her
assigned end. In the race schedule pairing list, the boat listed on the left-hand side is assigned the port end and shall display a blue flag at her stern while racing. The other boat is assigned the starboard end and shall display a yellow flag at her stern while racing.

C4.2 Within the two-minute period following her preparatory signal, a boat shall cross and clear the starting line, the first time from the course side to the pre-start side.

C5 SIGNALS BY UMPIRES

C5.1 A green and white flag with one long sound means ‘No penalty’.

C5.2 A blue or yellow flag identifying a boat with one long sound means ‘The identified boat shall take a penalty by complying with rule C7.’

C5.3 A red flag with or soon after a blue or yellow flag with one long sound means ‘The identified boat shall take a penalty by complying with rule C7.3(d).’

C5.4 A black flag with a blue or yellow flag and one long sound means ‘The identified boat is disqualified, and the match is terminated and awarded to the other boat.’

C5.5 One short sound means ‘A penalty is now completed.’

C5.6 Repetitive short sounds mean ‘A boat is no longer taking a penalty and the penalty remains.’

C5.7 A blue or yellow flag or shape displayed from an umpire boat means ‘The identified boat has an outstanding penalty.’

C6 PROTESTS AND REQUESTS FOR REDRESS BY BOATS

C6.1 A boat may protest another boat

(a) under a rule of Part 2, except rule 14, by clearly displaying flag Y immediately after an incident in which she was involved;

(b) under any rule not listed in rule C6.1(a) or C6.2 by clearly displaying a red flag as soon as possible after the incident.

C6.2 A boat may not protest another boat under

(a) rule 14, unless damage or injury results;

(b) a rule of Part 2, unless she was involved in the incident;

(d) rule C4 or C7.

C6.3 A boat intending to request redress because of circumstances that arise before she finishes or retires shall clearly display a red flag as soon as possible after she becomes aware of those circumstances,
but no later than two minutes after finishing or retiring.

C6.4 (a) A boat protesting under rule C6.1(a) shall remove flag Y
before or as soon as possible after the umpires’ signal.

(b) A boat protesting under rule C6.1(b) or requesting redress
under rule C6.3 shall, for her protest or request to be valid, keep her red flag displayed until she has so informed the umpires after finishing or retiring. No written protest or request for redress is required.

C6.5 Umpire Decisions

(a) After flag Y is displayed, the umpires shall decide whether to penalize any boat. They shall signal their decision in compliance with rule C5.1, C5.2 or C5.3.

(b) The red-flag penalty in rule C5.3 shall be used when a boat has gained a controlling position as a result of breaking a rule, but the umpires are not certain that the conditions for an additional umpire-initiated penalty have been fulfilled.

C6.6 Protest Committee Decisions

(a) The protest committee may take evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.

(b) If the protest committee decides that a breach of a rule has had no significant effect on the outcome of the match, it may

(1) impose a penalty of one point or part of one point;

(2) order a resail; or

(3) make another arrangement it decides is equitable, which may be to impose no penalty.

(c) The penalty for breaking rule 14 when damage or injury results will be at the discretion of the protest committee, and may
include exclusion from further races in the event.

C7 PENALTY SYSTEM

C7.1 Deleted Rule

Rule 44 is deleted.

C7.2 All Penalties

(a) A penalized boat may delay taking a penalty within the limitations of rule C7.3 and shall take it as follows:

(1) When on a leg of the course to a windward mark, she shall gybe and, as soon as reasonably possible, luff to a close-hauled course.

(2) When on a leg of the course to a leeward mark or the
finishing line, she shall tack and, as soon as reasonably possible, bear away to a course that is more than ninety degrees from the true wind.

(b) Add to rule 2: ‘When racing, a boat need not take a penalty unless signalled to do so by an umpire.’

(c) A boat completes a leg of the course when her bow crosses the extension of the line from the previous mark through the mark she is rounding, or on the last leg when she finishes.

(d) A penalized boat shall not be recorded as having finished until she takes her penalty and sails completely to the course side of the line and then finishes, unless the penalty is cancelled before or after she crosses the finishing line.

(e) If a boat has one or two outstanding penalties and the other boat in her match is penalized, one penalty for each boat shall be cancelled except that a red-flag penalty shall not cancel or be cancelled by another penalty.

(f) If a boat has more than two outstanding penalties, the umpires shall signal her disqualification under rule C5.4.

C7.3 Penalty Limitations

(a) A boat taking a penalty that includes a tack shall have the spinnaker head below the main-boom gooseneck from the time she passes head to wind until she is on a close-hauled course.

(b) No part of a penalty may be taken inside the zone of a rounding mark that begins, bounds or ends the leg the boat is on.

(c) If a boat has one outstanding penalty, she may take the penalty any time after starting and before finishing. If a boat has two outstanding penalties, she shall take one of them as soon as reasonably possible, but not before starting.

(d) When the umpires display a red flag with or soon after a
penalty flag, the penalized boat shall take a penalty as soon as reasonably possible, but not before starting.

C7.4 Taking and Completing Penalties

(a) When a boat with an outstanding penalty is on a leg to a windward mark and gybes, or is on a leg to a leeward mark or the finishing line and passes head to wind, she is taking a penalty.

(b) When a boat taking a penalty either does not take the penalty correctly or does not complete the penalty as soon as reasonably possible, she is no longer taking a penalty. The umpires shall signal this as required by rule C5.6.

(c) The umpire boat for each match shall display blue or yellow flags or shapes, each flag or shape indicating one outstanding penalty. When a boat has taken a penalty, or a penalty has been cancelled, one flag or shape shall be removed. Failure of the umpires to display or remove flags or shapes shall not change the number of penalties outstanding.

C8 PENALTIES INITIATED BY UMPIRES

C8.1 Rule Changes

(a) Rules 60.2(a) and 60.3(a) do not apply to rules for which penalties may be imposed by umpires.

(b) Rule 64.1(c) is changed so that the provision for exonerating a boat may be applied by the umpires without a hearing, and it takes precedence over any conflicting rule of this appendix.

C8.2 When the umpires decide that a boat has broken rule 31, 42, C4, C7.3(c) or C7.3(d) she shall be penalized by signalling her under rule C5.2 or C5.3. However, if a boat is penalized for breaking a rule of Part 2 and if she in the same incident breaks rule 31, she shall not be penalized for breaking rule 31. Furthermore, a boat that displays an incorrect flag or does not display the correct flag shall be warned orally and given an opportunity to correct the error before being
penalized.

C8.3 When the umpires decide that a boat has

(a) gained an advantage by breaking a rule after allowing for a penalty,

(b) deliberately broken a rule, or

she shall be penalized under rule C5.2, C5.3 or C5.4.

C8.4 If the umpires or protest committee members decide that a boat may have broken a rule other than those listed in rules C6.1(a) and C6.2, they shall so inform the protest committee for its action under rule 60.3 and rule C6.6 when appropriate.

C8.5 When, after one boat has started, the umpires are satisfied that the other boat will not start, they may signal under rule C5.4 that the boat that did not start is disqualified and the match is terminated.

C8.6 When the match umpires, together with at least one other umpire, decide that a boat has broken rule 14 and damage resulted, they may impose a half-point penalty without a hearing. The competitor shall be informed of the penalty as soon as practicable and may request a hearing. The protest committee shall then proceed under rule C6.6. Any penalty decided by the protest committee may be more than half a point. When the umpires decide that a penalty greater than half a point is appropriate, they shall act under rule C8.4.

C9 REQUESTS FOR REDRESS OR REOPENING; APPEALS; OTHER PROCEEDINGS

C9.1 There shall be no request for redress or an appeal from a decision made under rule C5, C6, C7 or C8. In rule 66 the third sentence is changed to ‘A party to the hearing may not ask for a reopening.’

C9.2 A competitor may not base a request for redress on a claim that an action by an official boat was improper. The protest committee may decide to consider giving redress in such circumstances but only if it believes that an official boat, including an umpire boat, may have
seriously interfered with a competing boat.

C9.3 No proceedings of any kind may be taken in relation to any action or non-action by the umpires, except as permitted in rule C9.2.

C10 SCORING

C10.1 The winning competitor of each match scores one point (half a point each for a dead heat); the loser scores no points.

C10.2 When a competitor withdraws from part of an event the scores of all completed races shall stand.

C10.3 When a multiple round robin is terminated with an incomplete round robin, only one point shall be available for all the matches sailed
between any two competitors, as follows:

Number of matches completed between any two competitors	Points for each win
1	One point
2	Half a point
3	A third of a point
(etc.)

C10.4 In a round-robin series,

(a) competitors shall be placed in order of their total scores,
highest score first;

(b) a competitor who has won a match but is disqualified for breaking a rule against a competitor in another match shall lose the point for that match (but the losing competitor shall not be awarded the point); and

C10.5 In a knockout series the sailing instructions shall state the minimum number of points required to win a series between two competitors. When a knockout series is terminated it shall be decided in favour of the competitor with the higher score.

C11 TIES

C11.1 Round-Robin Series

In a round-robin series competitors are assigned to one or more groups and scheduled to sail against all other competitors in their group one or more times. Each separate stage identified in the event format shall be a separate round-robin series irrespective of the number of times each competitor sails against each other competitor in that stage.

Ties between two or more competitors in a round-robin series shall be broken by the following methods, in order, until all ties are
broken. When one or more ties are only partially broken, rules C11.1(a) to C11.1(e) shall be reapplied to them. Ties shall be decided in favour of the competitor(s) who

(a) placed in order, has the highest score in the matches between the tied competitors;

(b) when the tie is between two competitors in a multiple round robin, has won the last match between the two competitors;

(c) has the most points against the competitor placed highest in
the round-robin series or, if necessary, second highest, and so on until the tie is broken. When two separate ties have to be
resolved but the resolution of each depends upon resolving
the other, the following principles shall be used in the rule C11.1(c) procedure:

(1) the higher-place tie shall be resolved before the lower- place tie, and

(2) all the competitors in the lower-place tie shall be treated as a single competitor for the purposes of rule C11.1(c);

(d) after applying rule C10.4(c), has the highest place in the
different groups, irrespective of the number of competitors in each group;

(e) has the highest place in the most recent stage of the event (fleet race, round robin, etc.).

C11.2 Knockout Series

Ties (including 0–0) between competitors in a knockout series shall be broken by the following methods, in order, until the tie is broken. The tie shall be decided in favour of the competitor who

(a) has the highest place in the most recent round-robin series,
applying rule C11.1 if necessary;

(b) has won the most recent match in the event between the tied competitors.

C11.3 Remaining Ties

When rule C11.1 or C11.2 does not resolve a tie,

(a) if the tie needs to be resolved for a later stage of the event (or another event for which the event is a direct qualifier), the tie shall be broken by a sail-off when practicable. When the race committee decides that a sail-off is not practicable, the tie shall be decided in favour of the competitor who has the highest score in the round-robin series after eliminating the score for the first race for each tied competitor or, should this fail to break the tie, the second race for each tied competitor and so on until the tie is broken. When a tie is partially resolved, the remaining tie shall be broken by reapplying rule C11.1 or C11.2.

(b) to decide the winner of an event that is not a direct qualifier
for another event, or the overall position between competitors eliminated in one round of a knockout series, a sail-off may be used (but not a draw).

(c) when a tie is not broken any monetary prizes or ranking points for tied places shall be added together and divided equally among the tied competitors.

Note: A Standard Notice of Race and Standard Sailing Instructions for match racing are available from the ISAF.

APPENDIX D

TEAM RACING RULES

Team races shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as changed by this appendix. If umpires will be used the sailing instructions shall so state.

D1 CHANGES TO THE RACING RULES

D1.1 Changes to the Definitions and the Rules of Part 2

(a) In the definition Zone the distance is changed to two hull lengths.

(b) The second sentence of rule 18.2(b) is changed to ‘If a boat is clear ahead when she reaches the zone, or she later becomes clear ahead when another boat passes head to wind, the boat clear astern at that moment shall thereafter give her mark-room.’

(d) Add new rule 23.3: ‘A boat that has finished shall not act to
interfere with a boat that has not finished.’

(e) Add new rule 23.4: ‘When boats in different races meet, any change of course by either boat shall be consistent with complying with a rule or trying to win her own race.’

D1.2 Other Additional Rules

(a) There shall be no penalty for breaking a rule of Part 2 when the incident is between boats on the same team and there is no
contact.

(b) Add to rule 41: ‘However, a boat may receive help from
another boat on her team provided electronic communication is not used.’

(d) The first sentence of rule 45 is deleted.

D2 PROTESTS AND PENALTIES

D2.1 Protests and Exoneration

(a) Rule 60.1(a) is changed to ‘protest another boat, but not for an alleged breach of a rule of Part 2 unless she was involved in the incident or the incident involved contact between members of the other team; or’.

(b) The third sentence of rule 61.1(a) and all of rule 61.1(a)(2) are deleted.

(c) A boat that, while racing, may have broken a rule of Part 2 (except rule 14 when she has caused damage or injury) or rule 42 may take a One-Turn Penalty under rule 44.2.

(d) The sailing instructions may state that rule D2.4(b) applies to all protests.

D2.2 Umpired Races

Races to be umpired shall be identified either in the sailing instructions or by the display of flag U no later than the warning signal.

(a) When a boat protests under a rule of Part 2 or under rule 31, 42 or 44, she is not entitled to a hearing. Instead, when the protested boat fails either to acknowledge breaking a rule or to take the appropriate penalty, the protesting boat may request a decision by conspicuously displaying a yellow flag and hailing
‘Umpire’.

(b) An umpire shall signal a decision as follows:

(1) A green and white flag or a green flag means ‘No
penalty’.

(2) A red flag means ‘One or more boats are penalized.’ The umpire shall hail or signal to identify each boat to be
penalized.

(d) penalties initiated by umpires

An umpire may take action without a protest by another boat when

(1) a boat breaks rule 31 or 42, or a rule of Part 2 through contact with another boat on her team, and does not take a penalty;

(2) a boat fails to comply with rule D2.2(c);

(3) a boat commits a breach of sportsmanship;

(4) a boat breaks rule 14 when damage or injury may have been caused; or

(5) a boat or her team gains an advantage despite taking a penalty.

The umpire may impose a penalty of one or more turns, each including one tack and one gybe, signalled by displaying a red flag and hailing the boat accordingly, or report the incident to the protest committee, signalled by displaying a black flag, or both.

D2.3 Alternative Umpiring Rules

Each of these rules applies only if the sailing instructions so state.

(a) single-flag protest procedure

Rule D2.2(a) is replaced by

When a boat protests under a rule of Part 2 or under rule 31, 42 or 44, she is not entitled to a hearing. Instead, a boat involved in the incident may promptly acknowledge breaking a rule and take the appropriate penalty. If no
boat takes a penalty, an umpire shall decide whether any boat has broken a rule, and shall signal the decision in compliance with rule D2.2(b).

(b) races with limited umpiring

Rule D2.2 applies, except that when a boat complies with rule D2.2(a) and either there is no decision signalled or an umpire displays a yellow flag signalling he has insufficient facts to
decide, the protesting boat is entitled to a hearing.

D2.4 Additional Protest and Redress Rules When Races Are Umpired

(a) Neither the race committee nor the protest committee shall
protest a boat for breaking a rule listed in rule D2.2(a). However, upon receipt of a report from any source, the protest committee may protest a boat under rule 14 when damage or injury is alleged.

(b) Protests and requests for redress need not be in writing. The protest committee may take evidence in any way it considers appropriate and may communicate its decision orally.

(c) There shall be no request for redress or appeal by a boat arising from a decision, action or non-action by an umpire. The protest committee may decide to consider giving redress when it
believes that an official boat, including an umpire boat, may have seriously interfered with a competing boat.

D3 SCORING A RACE

D3.1 (a) Each boat finishing a race, whether or not rule 28.1 has been complied with, shall be scored points equal to her finishing place. All other boats shall be scored points equal to the number of boats entitled to race.

(b) In addition, a boat’s points shall be increased as follows:

Rule broken

Penalty points

Rule 28.1 when as a result she or her team has gained an advantage

Any other rule broken while racing for which a penalty has not been taken

(1) When a boat has broken a rule and as a result her team has gained an advantage, it may increase that boat’s points.

(2) When a boat has broken rule 1 or 2, rule 14 when she has caused damage or injury, or a rule when not racing, it may penalize the boat’s team by half or more race wins, or it may impose no penalty.

(d) The team with the lower total points wins the race. If the totals are equal, the team that did not have the first-place boat wins.

D3.2 When all boats on one team have finished, retired or failed to start, the race committee may stop the race. The other team’s boats racing at that time shall be scored the points they would have received had they finished.

D4 SCORING A SERIES

D4.1 When two or more teams are competing in a series, the winner shall be the team scoring the greatest number of race wins. The other teams shall be ranked in order of number of race wins.

D4.2 When necessary, ties in a completed series shall be broken using, in order,

(a) the number of races won when the tied teams met;

(b) the points scored when the tied teams met;

(d) total points scored in all races against common opponents;

(e) a sail-off if possible, otherwise a game of chance.

If a tie is partially resolved by one of these, then the remaining tie shall be broken by starting again at rule D4.2(a).

D4.3 If a series is not completed, teams shall be ranked according to the results from completed rounds, and ties shall be broken whenever possible using the results from races between the tied teams in the incomplete round. If no round has been completed, teams shall be ranked in order of their percentages of races won. Other ties shall be broken as provided in rule D4.2.

D5 BREAKDOWNS WHEN BOATS ARE SUPPLIED BY THE ORGANIZING AUTHORITY

D5.1 A supplied boat suffering a breakdown, and seeking redress as a
result, shall display a red flag at the first reasonable opportunity and, if possible, continue racing. The race committee shall decide redress as provided in rules D5.2 and D5.3.

D5.2 When the race committee decides that the boat’s finishing position was made significantly worse, that the breakdown was through no fault of the crew, and that in the same circumstances a reasonably competent crew would not have been able to avoid the breakdown, it shall make as equitable a decision as possible. This may be to order the race to be resailed or, when the boat’s finishing position was predictable, award her points for that position. Any doubt about a boat’s position when she broke down shall be resolved against her.

D5.3 A breakdown caused by defective supplied equipment or a breach of a rule by an opponent shall not normally be determined to be the fault of the crew, but one caused by careless handling, capsizing or a breach by a boat on the same team shall be. Any doubt about the fault of the crew shall be resolved in the boat’s favour.

APPENDIX E

RADIO-CONTROLLED BOAT RACING RULES

Races for radio-controlled boats shall be sailed under The Racing Rules of Sailing as changed by this appendix.

E1 TERMINOLOGY, RACE SIGNALS, DEFINITIONS AND FUNDAMENTAL RULES

E1.1 Terminology

‘Boat’ means a boat that is radio-controlled by a competitor who
is not on board. For ‘race’ used as a noun outside this appendix and outside Appendix A read ‘heat’. In this appendix, a race consists of one or more heats and is completed when the last heat in the race is finished. An ‘event’ consists of one or more races.

E1.2 Race Signals

The section Race Signals is deleted. All signals shall be made orally or by other sounds described in this appendix or the sailing instructions.

E1.3 Definitions

(a) Add to the definition Interested Party: ‘but not a competitor when acting as an observer’.

(b) In the definition Zone the distance is changed to four hull lengths.

E1.4 Personal Flotation Devices

Rule 1.2 is changed to ‘When on board a rescue boat, each competitor is responsible for wearing a personal flotation device adequate for the conditions.’

E1.5 Aerials

Transmitter aerial extremities shall be adequately protected. When a protest committee finds that a competitor has broken this rule it shall either warn him and give him time to comply or penalize him.

E2 PART 2 WHEN BOATS MEET

Rule 22 is changed to

22 CAPSIZED OR ENTANGLED

If possible, a boat shall avoid a boat that is capsized or
entangled, or has not regained control after capsizing or entanglement. A boat is capsized when her masthead is in the water. Two or more boats are entangled when lying together for a
period of time so that no boat is capable of manoeuvring to break free of the other(s).

E3 PART 3 CONDUCT OF A RACE

E3.1 Races with Observers

The race committee may appoint race observers, who may be
competitors. They shall remain in the control area while boats are racing and they shall hail and repeat the identity of boats that contact a mark or another boat. Such hails shall be made from the control area. Observers shall report all unresolved incidents to the race committee at the end of the heat.

E3.2 Course Board

Rule J2.1(4) is deleted. A course board showing the course and the limits of the control area and launching area(s) shall be located next to or within the control area with information clearly visible to
competitors while racing.

E3.3 Control and Launching Areas

The control and launching area(s) shall be defined by the sailing
instructions. Competitors racing shall remain in the control area while a heat is in progress, except that competitors may briefly go to and return from the launching area to perform functions permitted in rule E4.5. Competitors not racing shall remain outside the control and launching areas except when offering assistance under rule E4.2 or when acting as race observers.

E3.4 Deleted Rules

The second sentence of rule 25 and all of rule 33 are deleted.

E3.5 Starting Races

Rule 26 is changed to

Audible signals for starting a heat shall be at one-minute
intervals and shall be a warning signal, a preparatory signal and a starting signal. During the minute before the starting signal, oral signals shall be made at ten-second intervals, and during the final ten seconds at one-second intervals. Each signal shall be timed from the beginning of its sound.

E3.6 Starting Penalties

In rules 29.1 and 30 the word ‘crew’ is deleted. Throughout rule 30 oral announcements shall be used instead of flag signals.

E3.7 Starting and Finishing Lines

The starting and finishing lines shall be tangential to, and on the course side of, the starting and finishing marks.

E3.8 Individual Recall

In rule 29.1 replace all after ‘the race committee shall promptly’ with ‘twice hail “Recall (sail numbers)” ’.

E3.9 General Recall

In rule 29.2 replace all after ‘the race committee may’ with ‘twice hail “General recall” and make two loud sounds. The warning signal for a new start for the recalled class shall be made shortly thereafter, and the starts for any succeeding classes shall follow the new start.’

E3.10 Shortening or Abandoning after the Start

In rule 32.1(b) ‘foul weather’ is replaced with ‘thunderstorms’. Rule 32.1(c) is deleted.

E4 PART 4 OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING

E4.1 Deleted Rules

Rules 43, 47, 48, 49, 50, 52 and 54 are deleted.

E4.2 Outside Help

Rule 41 is changed to

(a) A competitor shall not give tactical or strategic advice to a competitor who is racing.

(b) A competitor who is racing shall not receive outside help,
except

(1) a boat that has gone ashore or aground outside the launching area, or become entangled with another boat or a mark, may be freed and relaunched with help from a rescue boat crew;

(2) competitors who are not racing and others may give help in the launching area as permitted by rule E4.5;

(3) help in the form of information freely available to all competitors.

E4.3 Propulsion

Rule 42 is changed so that any reference to body movement is
deleted. Rule 42.3(f) is also deleted.

E4.4 Penalties for Breaking Rules of Part 2

Throughout rule 44 the penalty shall be the One-Turn Penalty.

E4.5 Launching and Relaunching

Rule 45 is changed to

(a) A boat scheduled to race in a heat may be launched, held on the bank, taken ashore or relaunched at any time during the heat. However, she shall not be released between the preparatory and starting signals.

(b) Boats shall be launched or recovered only from within a launching area, except as provided in rule E4.2(b)(1).

(c) While ashore or within a launching area, boats may be
adjusted, drained of water or repaired; have their sails changed or reefed; have entangled objects removed; or have radio equipment repaired or changed.

E4.6 Person in Charge

In rule 46 replace ‘have on board’ with ‘be radio-controlled by’.

E4.7 Radio

(a) A competitor shall not transmit radio signals that cause
interference with the radio reception of other boats.

(b) A competitor found to have broken rule E4.7(a) shall not race until he has proven compliance with that rule.

E4.8 Boat Out of Radio Control

A competitor who loses radio control of his boat shall promptly
hail and repeat ‘(The boat’s sail number) out of control’. Such a
boat shall be considered to have retired and shall thereafter be an
obstruction.

E5 PART 5 PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND APPEALS

E5.1 Right to Protest; Right to Request Redress or Rule 69 Action

Add to rule 60.1(a): ‘A protest alleging a breach of a rule of Part
2, 3 or 4 shall be made only by a competitor within the control or launching area and by a boat scheduled to race in the heat in which the incident occurred.’

E5.2 Informing the Protestee

In rule 61.1(a) replace all after the first sentence with ‘When her protest concerns an incident in the racing area that she is involved in or sees, she shall twice hail “(Her own sail number) protest (the sail number of the other boat)”.’

E5.3 Protest Time Limit

In rule 61.3 replace ‘two hours’ with ‘15 minutes’ and add: ‘A boat intending to protest shall also inform the race committee no later than five minutes after the end of the relevant heat.’

E5.4 Accepting Responsibility

A boat that acknowledges breaking a rule of Part 2, 3 or 4 before the protest is found to be valid may retire from the relevant heat without further penalty.

E5.5 Redress

(a) Add to rule 62.1:

(e) radio interference, or

(f) an entanglement or grounding because of the action of a boat that was breaking a rule of Part 2 or of a vessel not racing that was required to keep clear.

(b) In rule 62.2 replace ‘two hours’ with ‘15 minutes’.

E5.6 Right to Be Present

In rule 63.3(a) replace ‘shall have been on board’ with ‘shall have been radio-controlling them’.

E5.7 Taking Evidence and Finding Facts

Add to rule 63.6: ‘Evidence about an alleged breach of a rule of Part 2, 3 or 4 given by competitors shall be accepted only from a competitor who was within the control or launching area and whose boat was scheduled to race in the heat in which the incident occurred.’

E5.8 Penalties

When a protest committee finds that a boat has broken rule E3.3, E4.2(a) or E4.5, it shall either disqualify her from her next race or require her to make one or more penalty turns in her next race as soon as possible after starting.

E5.9 Decisions on Redress

Add to rule 64.2: ‘If a boat given redress was damaged, she shall be given reasonable time, but not more than 30 minutes, to effect repairs before her next heat.’

E5.10 Reopening a Hearing

In rule 66 replace ‘24 hours’ with ‘ten minutes’.

E6 APPENDIX G IDENTIFICATION ON SAILS

Appendix G is changed as follows:

(a) The text of rule G1.1 before rule G1.1(a) is changed to

Every boat of a class administered by ISAF Radio Controlled Sailing shall display a sail number on both sides of each sail. Class insignia and national letters shall be displayed on mainsails as stated in rules G1.1(a), G1.1(b) and E6(f)(1).

(b) Rule G1.1(c) is changed to

a sail number, which shall be the last two digits of the boat registration number or the competitor’s personal number allotted by the relevant issuing authority. A
single-digit number shall be prefixed with a ‘0’. There shall be space in front of a sail number for the prefix ‘1’, which may be required by the race committee where there is a conflict between sail numbers. Where a conflict remains, the race committee shall require that sail numbers be suitably changed until the conflict is resolved. Any prefix ‘1’ or other required change shall become part of the sail number.

(d) Rule G1.2(b) is changed to

The height of characters and distance between them on the same and opposite sides of the sail shall be as follows:

Minimum

Maximum

Class insignia:

Except where positioned back to back, shortest distance between insignia on opposite sides of sail

20 mm

Sail numbers:

Height of characters

Shortest distance between adjoining characters on same side of sail

Shortest distance between sail numbers on opposite sides of sail and between sail numbers and other identification

100 mm

20 mm

60 mm

110 mm

30 mm

National letters:

Height of characters

Shortest distance between adjoining characters on same side of sail

Shortest distance between national letters on opposite sides of sail

60 mm

13 mm

40 mm

70 mm

23 mm

(e) Rule G1.3 is changed to

(1) Class insignia may be positioned back to back on opposite sides of the sail where the design coincides. Otherwise class insignia, sail numbers and national letters shall be positioned at different heights, with those on the starboard side being uppermost.

(2) On a mainsail, sail numbers shall be positioned above the national letters and below the class insignia.

(3) Sail numbers shall be positioned on a mainsail above the line perpendicular to the luff through the quarter leech point.

(f) Where the size of a sail makes it impossible to comply with the minimum dimensions in rule E6(d) or the positioning requirements in rule E6(e)(3), exceptions are permitted in the following order of priority:

(1) omission of national letters;

(2) position of the mainsail sail numbers lower than the line perpendicular to the luff through the quarter leech point;

(3) reduction of the shortest distance between sail numbers on opposite sides of the sail provided the shortest distance is not less than 20 mm;

(4) reduction of the height of sail numbers.

National authority	Letters
Algeria	ALG
American Samoa	ASA
Andorra	AND
Angola	ANG
Antigua	ANT
Argentina	ARG
Armenia	ARM
Australia	AUS
Austria	AUT
Azerbaijan	AZE
Bahamas	BAH
Bahrain	BRN
Barbados	BAR
Belarus	BLR
Belgium	BEL
Bermuda	BER
Brazil	BRA
British Virgin Islands	IVB
Bulgaria	BUL
Canada	CAN
Cayman Islands	CAY
Chile	CHI
China, PR	CHN
Chinese Taipei	TPE
Colombia	COL
Cook Islands	COK
Croatia	CRO
Cuba	CUB
Cyprus	CYP
Czech Republic	CZE
Denmark	DEN
Dominican Republic	DOM
Ecuador	ECU
Egypt	EGY
El Salvador	ESA
Estonia	EST
National authority	Letters
Fiji	FIJ
Finland	FIN
France	FRA
Georgia	GEO
Germany	GER
Great Britain	GBR
Greece	GRE
Grenada	GRN
Guam	GUM
Guatemala	GUA
Hong Kong	HKG
Hungary	HUN
Iceland	ISL
India	IND
Indonesia	INA
Ireland	IRL
Israel	ISR
Italy	ITA
Jamaica	JAM
Japan	JPN
Kazakhstan	KAZ
Kenya	KEN
Korea	KOR
Kuwait	KUW
Kyrgyzstan	KGZ
Latvia	LAT
Lebanon	LIB
Libya	LBA
Liechtenstein	LIE
Lithuania	LTU
Luxembourg	LUX
Macedonia (FYRO)	MKD
Malaysia	MAS
Malta	MLT
Mauritius	MRI
Mexico	MEX
National authority	Letters
Micronesia (FSo)	FSM
Moldova	MDA
Monaco	MON
Montenegro	MNE
Morocco	MAR
Myanmar	MYA
Namibia	NAM
Netherlands	NED
Netherlands Antilles	AHO
New Zealand	NZL
Norway	NOR
Oman	OMA
Pakistan	PAK
Palestine	PLE
Papua New Guinea	PNG
Paraguay	PAR
Peru	PER
Philippines	PHI
Poland	POL
Portugal	POR
Puerto Rico	PUR
Qatar	QAT
Romania	ROU
Russia	RUS
Samoa	SAM
San Marino	SMR
National authority	Letters
Senegal	SEN
Serbia	SRB
Seychelles	SEY
Singapore	SIN
Slovak Republic	SVK
Slovenia	SLO
Solomon Islands	SOL
South Africa	RSA
Spain	ESP
Sri Lanka	SRI
St Lucia	LCA
Sweden	SWE
Switzerland	SUI
Tahiti	TAH
Thailand	THA
Trinidad & Tobago	TRI
Tunisia	TUN
Turkey	TUR
Ukraine	UKR
United Arab Emirates	UAE
United States of America	USA
Uruguay	URU
US Virgin Islands	ISV
Vanuatu	VAN
Venezuela	VEN
Zimbabwe	ZIM

APPENDIX J

NOTICE OF RACE AND SAILING INSTRUCTIONS

See rules 89.2(a) and 90.2. The term ‘race’ includes a regatta or other series of races.

J1 NOTICE OF RACE CONTENTS

J1.1 The notice of race shall include the following information:

(1) the title, place and dates of the race and name of the organizing authority;

(2) that the race will be governed by the rules as defined in The Racing Rules of Sailing;

(3) a list of any other documents that will govern the event (for
example, The Equipment Rules of Sailing, to the extent that they apply), stating where or how each document or a copy of it may be seen;

(4) the classes to race, any handicap or rating system that will be used and the classes to which it will apply, conditions of entry and any restrictions on entries;

(5) the times of registration and warning signals for the practice race, if one is scheduled, and the first race, and succeeding races if known.

J1.2 The notice of race shall include any of the following that will apply and that would help competitors decide whether to attend the event or that conveys other information they will need before the sailing instructions become available:

(1) identification of any racing rules that will be changed, a summary of the changes, and a statement that the changes will
appear in full in the sailing instructions (see rule 86);

(2) that advertising will be restricted to Category A or that boats will be required to display advertising chosen and supplied by the organizing authority (see ISAF Regulation 20) and other
information related to Regulation 20;

(3) any classification requirements that some or all competitors must satisfy (see rule 79 and ISAF Regulation 22, Sailor Classification Code);

(4) for an event where entries from other countries are expected, any national prescriptions that may require advance preparation;

(5) the procedure for advance registration or entry, including fees and any closing dates;

(6) an entry form, to be signed by the boat’s owner or owner’s
representative, containing words such as ‘I agree to be bound by The Racing Rules of Sailing and by all other rules that
govern this event.’;

(7) equipment inspection, measurement procedures or requirements for measurement certificates or for handicap or rating certificates;

(8) the time and place at which the sailing instructions will be available;

(9) changes to class rules, as permitted under rule 87, referring specifically to each rule and stating the change;

(10) the courses to be sailed;

(11) the penalty for breaking a rule of Part 2, other than the Two-Turns Penalty;

(12) denial of the right of appeal, subject to rule 70.5;

(13) the scoring system, if different from the Low Point System in Appendix A, the number of races scheduled and the minimum number that must be completed to constitute a series;

(14) prizes.

J2 SAILING INSTRUCTION CONTENTS

J2.1 The sailing instructions shall include the following information:

(1) that the race will be governed by the rules as defined in The Racing Rules of Sailing;

(2) a list of any other documents that will govern the event (for
example, The Equipment Rules of Sailing, to the extent that they apply);

(3) the schedule of races, the classes to race and times of warning signals for each class;

(4) the course(s) to be sailed, or a list of marks from which the course will be selected and, if relevant, how courses will be signalled;

(5) descriptions of marks, including starting and finishing marks, stating the order and side on which each is to be left and identifying all rounding marks (see rule 28.1);

(6) descriptions of the starting and finishing lines, class flags and any special signals to be used;

(7) the time limit, if any, for finishing;

(8) the handicap or rating system to be used, if any, and the classes to which it will apply;

(9) the scoring system, if different from the Low Point System in Appendix A, included by reference to Appendix A, to class rules or other rules governing the event, or stated in full. State the number of races scheduled and the minimum number that must be completed to constitute a series.

J2.2 The sailing instructions shall include those of the following that will apply:

(1) that advertising will be restricted to Category A (see ISAF Regulation 20) and other information related to Regulation 20;

(2) replacement of the rules of Part 2 with the right-of-way rules of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea or other government right-of-way rules, the time(s) or place(s) they will apply, and any night signals to be used by the race committee;

(3) changes to the racing rules permitted by rule 86, referring
specifically to each rule and stating the change (if rule 86.2
applies, state the authorization);

(4) changes to the national prescriptions (see rule 88);

(5) when appropriate, at an event where entries from other countries are expected, a copy in English of the national prescriptions that will apply;

(6) changes to class rules, as permitted under rule 87, referring specifically to each rule and stating the change;

(7) restrictions controlling changes to boats when supplied by the organizing authority;

(8) the registration procedure;

(9) measurement or inspection procedure;

(10) location(s) of official notice board(s);

(11) procedure for changing the sailing instructions;

(12) safety requirements, such as requirements and signals for personal flotation devices, check-in at the starting area, and check-out and check-in ashore;

(13) declaration requirements;

(14) signals to be made ashore and location of signal station(s);

(15) the racing area (a chart is recommended);

(16) approximate course length and approximate length of windward legs;

(17) description of any area designated by the race committee to be an obstruction (see the definition Obstruction);

(18) the time limit, if any, for the first boat to finish and the time limit, if any, for boats other than the first boat to finish;

(19) time allowances;

(20) the location of the starting area and any restrictions on entering it;

(21) any special procedures or signals for individual or general
recall;

(22) boats identifying mark locations;

(23) any special procedures or signals for changing a leg of the course (see rule 33);

(24) any special procedures for shortening the course or for finishing a shortened course;

(25) restrictions on use of support boats, plastic pools, radios, etc.; on trash disposal; on hauling out; and on outside assistance provided to a boat that is not racing;

(26) the penalty for breaking a rule of Part 2, other than the Two-Turns Penalty;

(27) under rule 86.1(b), a change to the number of hull lengths
determining the zone;

(28) whether rule 67 or Appendix P will apply;

(29) protest procedure and times and place of hearings;

(30) if rule N1.4(b) will apply, the time limit for requesting a
hearing under that rule;

(31) when required by rule 70.3, the national authority to which
appeals and requests may be sent and, when applicable, subject to rule 70.5 denial of the right of appeal;

(32) the national authority’s approval of the appointment of an
international jury, when required under rule 91(b);

(33) substitution of competitors;

(34) the minimum number of boats appearing in the starting area
required for a race to be started;

(35) when and where races postponed or abandoned for the day will be resailed;

(36) tides and currents;

(37) prizes;

(38) other commitments of the race committee and obligations of boats.

APPENDIX K

NOTICE OF RACE GUIDE

This guide provides a notice of race designed primarily for major championship regattas for one or more classes. It therefore will be particularly useful for world, continental and national championships and other events of similar importance. It can be downloaded from the ISAF website (www.sailing.org) as a basic text for producing a notice of race for any particular event.

The guide can also be useful for other events. However, for such events some of the paragraphs will be unnecessary or undesirable. Organizing authorities should therefore be careful in making their choices.

This guide relates closely to Appendix L, Sailing Instructions Guide, and its expanded version Appendix LE on the ISAF website, the
introduction to which contains principles that also apply to a notice of race.

To use this guide, first review rule J1 and decide which paragraphs will be needed. Paragraphs that are required by rule J1.1 are marked with an asterisk (*). Delete all inapplicable or unnecessary paragraphs. Select the version preferred where there is a choice. Follow the directions in the left margin to fill in the spaces where a solid line ( _____ ) appears and select the preferred wording if a choice or option is shown in brackets ([ . . . ]).

After deleting unused paragraphs, renumber all paragraphs in
sequential order. Be sure that paragraph numbers are correct where one paragraph refers to another.

The items listed below, when applicable, should be distributed with the notice of race, but should not be included as numbered paragraphs in the notice.

1 An entry form, to be signed by the boat’s owner or owner’s
representative, containing words such as ‘I agree to be bound by The Racing Rules of Sailing and by all other rules that govern this event.’

2 For an event where entries from other countries are expected, the applicable national prescriptions in English.

3 List of sponsors, if appropriate.

4 Lodging and camping information.

5 Description of meal facilities.

6 Race committee and protest committee members.

7 Special mooring or storage requirements.

8 Sail and boat repair facilities and ship’s chandlers.

9 Charter boat availability.

On separate lines, insert the full name of the regatta, the inclusive dates from measurement or the practice race until the final race or closing ceremony, the name of the organizing authority, and the city and country.



	NOTICE OF RACE
	1	RULES
	1.1*	The regatta will be governed by the rules as defined in The Racing Rules of Sailing.
Use the first sentence if appropriate. Insert the name. List by number and title the prescriptions that will not apply (see rule 88). Use the second sentence if it applies and if entries from other countries ~~national authorities~~ are expected, and state the relevant prescriptions in full.	1.2	[The following prescriptions of the _____ national authority will not apply: _____.] [The prescriptions that may require advance preparation are stated in full below.]
	(OR)
Use only if the national authority for the venue of the event has not adopted a prescription to rule 88.	1.2	No national prescriptions will apply.
List by name any other documents that govern the event; for example, The Equipment Rules of Sailing, to the extent that they apply.	1.3*	_____ will apply.
See rule 86. Insert the rule number(s) and summarize the changes.	1.4	Racing rule(s) _____ will be changed as follows: _____. The changes will appear in full in the sailing instructions. The sailing instructions may also change other racing rules.
Insert the rule number(s) and class name. Make a separate statement for the rules of each class.	1.5	Under rule 87, rule(s) _____ of the _____ class rules [will not apply] [is (are) changed as follows: _____ ].
	1.6	If there is a conflict between languages the English text will take precedence.
	2	ADVERTISING
See ISAF Regulation 20. Include other applicable information related to Regulation 20.	2.1	Advertising will be restricted to Category A.
See ISAF Regulation 20.3(d).	2.2	Boats may be required to display advertising chosen and supplied by the organizing authority.
	3*	ELIGIBILITY AND ENTRY
Insert the class(es).	3.1	The regatta is open to all boats of the _____ class(es).
	(OR)
Insert the class(es) and eligibility requirements.	3.1	The regatta is open to boats of the _____ class(es) that _____.
Insert the postal, fax and e‑mail addresses and entry closing date.	3.2	Eligible boats may enter by completing the attached form and sending it, together with the required fee, to _____ by _____.
Insert any conditions.	3.3	Late entries will be accepted under the following conditions: _____.
Insert any restrictions.	3.4	The following restrictions on the number of boats apply: _____.
Insert any requirements.	4	CLASSIFICATION The following classification requirements will apply (see rule 79): _____.
	5	FEES
Insert all required fees for racing.	5.1	Required fees are as follows: Class Fee _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Insert optional fees (for example, for social events).	5.2	Other fees: _____ _____
Use only when a class is divided into fleets racing a qualifying series and a final series.	6	QUALIFYING SERIES AND FINAL SERIES The regatta will consist of a qualifying series and a final series.
	7	SCHEDULE
Insert the day, date and times.	7.1*	Registration: Day and date _____ From _____ To _____
Insert the day, date and times.	7.2	Measurement and inspection: Day and date _____ From _____ To _____
Revise as desired and insert the dates and classes. Include a practice race if any. When the series consists of qualifying races and final races, specify them. The schedule can also be given in an attachment.	7.3*	Dates of racing: Date Class _____ Class _____ _____ racing racing _____ racing reserve day _____ reserve day racing _____ racing racing _____ racing racing
Insert the classes and numbers.	7.4	Number of races: Class Number Races per day _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Insert the time.	7.5*	The scheduled time of the warning signal for the [practice race] [first race] [each day] is _____.
	8	MEASUREMENTS Each boat shall produce a valid [measurement] [rating] certificate.
	(OR)
List the measurements with appropriate references to the class rules.		Each boat shall produce a valid [measurement] [rating] certificate. In addition the following measurements [may] [will] be taken: _____.
Insert the time, date and location.	9	SAILING INSTRUCTIONS The sailing instructions will be available after _____ on _____ at _____.
	10	VENUE
Insert a number or letter. Provide a marked map with driving instructions.	10.1	Attachment _____ shows the location of the regatta harbour.
Insert a number or letter. Provide a marked map or chart.	10.2	Attachment _____ shows the location of the racing areas.
Include the description.	11	THE COURSES The courses to be sailed will be as follows: _____.
	(OR)
Insert a number or letter. A method of illustrating various courses is shown in Addendum A of Appendix L or LE. Insert the course length if applicable.		The diagrams in Attachment _____ show the courses, including the approximate angles between legs, the order in which marks are to be passed, and the side on which each mark is to be left. [The approximate course length will be _____.]
	12	PENALTY SYSTEM
Include paragraph 12.1 only when the Two-Turns Penalty will not be used. Insert the number of places or describe the penalties.	12.1	The Scoring Penalty, rule 44.3, will apply. The penalty will be _____ places.
	(OR)
	12.1	The penalties are as follows: _____.
Insert the class(es).	12.2	For the _____ class(es) rule 44.1 is changed so that the Two-Turns Penalty is replaced by the One-Turn Penalty.
Include only if the protest committee is an international jury or another provision of rule 70.5 applies. Use ‘jury’ only if referring to an international jury.	12.3	Decisions of the [protest committee] [jury] will be final as provided in rule 70.5.
	13	SCORING
Include only if the Low Point System is replaced by the Bonus Point System.	13.1	The Bonus Point System of Appendix A will apply.
	(OR)
Include only if neither of the Appendix A scoring systems will be used. Describe the system.	13.1	The scoring system is as follows: _____.
Insert the number.	13.2	_____ races are required to be completed to constitute a series.
Insert the numbers throughout.	13.3	(a) When fewer than _____ races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores.
		(b) When from _____ to _____ races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores excluding her worst score.
		(c) When _____ or more races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores excluding her two worst scores.
Insert the identification markings. National letters are suggested for international events.	14	SUPPORT BOATS Support boats shall be marked with _____.
	15	BERTHING Boats shall be kept in their assigned places in the [boat park] [harbour].
	16	HAUL-OUT RESTRICTIONS Keelboats shall not be hauled out during the regatta except with and according to the terms of prior written permission of the race committee.
	17	DIVING EQUIPMENT AND PLASTIC POOLS Underwater breathing apparatus and plastic pools or their equivalent shall not be used around keelboats between the preparatory signal of the first race and the end of the regatta.
Insert any alternative text that applies. Describe the radio communication bands or frequencies that will be used or allowed.	18	RADIO COMMUNICATION Except in an emergency, a boat shall neither make radio transmissions while racing nor receive radio communications not available to all boats. This restriction also applies to mobile telephones.
If perpetual trophies will be awarded state their complete names.	19	PRIZES Prizes will be given as follows: _____.
The laws applicable to the venue in which the event is held may limit disclaimers. Any disclaimer should be drafted to comply with those laws.	20	DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY Competitors participate in the regatta entirely at their own risk. See rule 4, Decision to Race. The organizing authority will not accept any liability for material damage or personal injury or death sustained in conjunction with or prior to, during, or after the regatta.
Insert the currency and amount.	21	INSURANCE Each participating boat shall be insured with valid third-party liability insurance with a minimum cover of _____ per event or the equivalent.
Insert necessary contact information.	22	FURTHER INFORMATION For further information please contact _____.

APPENDIX L

SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE

This guide provides a set of tested sailing instructions designed
primarily for major championship regattas for one or more classes. It therefore will be particularly useful for world, continental and
national championships and other events of similar importance. The guide can also be useful for other events; however, for such events some of these instructions will be unnecessary or undesirable. Race officers should therefore be careful in making their choices.

An expanded version of the guide, Appendix LE, is available on the ISAF website (www.sailing.org). It contains provisions applicable to the largest and most complicated multi-class events, as well as variations on several of the sailing instructions recommended in this
appendix. It will be revised from time to time, to reflect advances in race management techniques as they develop, and can be downloaded as a basic text for producing the sailing instructions for any particular event. Appendix L can also be downloaded from the ISAF website.

The principles on which all sailing instructions should be based are as follows:

1 They should include only two types of statement: the intentions of the race committee and protest committee and the obligations of competitors.

2 They should be concerned only with racing. Information about social events, assignment of moorings, etc., should be provided separately.

3 They should not change the racing rules except when clearly
desirable. (When they do so, they must follow rule 86 by referring specifically to the rule being changed and stating the change.)

4 They should not repeat or restate any of the racing rules.

5 They should not repeat themselves.

6 They should be in chronological order; that is, the order in which the competitor will use them.

7 They should, when possible, use words or phrases from the
racing rules.

To use this guide, first review rule J2 and decide which instructions will be needed. Instructions that are required by rule J2.1 are marked with an asterisk (*). Delete all inapplicable or unnecessary instructions. Select the version preferred where there is a choice. Follow the directions in the left margin to fill in the spaces where a solid line ( _____ ) appears and select the preferred wording if a choice or option is shown in brackets ([ . . . ]).

After deleting unused instructions, renumber all instructions in
sequential order. Be sure that instruction numbers are correct where one instruction refers to another.

On separate lines, insert the full name of the regatta, the inclusive dates from measurement or the practice race until the final race or closing ceremony, the name of the organizing authority, and the city and country.



	SAILING INSTRUCTIONS
	1	RULES
	1.1*	The regatta will be governed by the rules as defined in The Racing Rules of Sailing.
Use the first sentence if appropriate. Insert the name. List by number and title the prescriptions that will not apply (see rule 88). Use the second sentence if it applies and if entries from other national authorities are expected, and state the prescriptions in full.	1.2	[The following prescriptions of the _____ national authority will not apply: _____.] [The prescriptions that will apply are stated in full below.]
	(OR)
Use only if the national authority for the venue of the event has not adopted a prescription to rule 88.	1.2	No national prescriptions will apply.
List by name any other documents that govern the event; for example, The Equipment Rules of Sailing, to the extent that they apply.	1.3*	_____ will apply.
See rule 86. Either insert here the rule number(s) and state the changes, or, if not using this instruction, do the same in each instruction that changes a rule.	1.4	Racing rule(s) _____ will be changed as follows: _____.
For example, use ‘two’ when the racing area is particularly small or ‘four’ when the boats are particularly fast.	1.5	Under rule 86.1(b), in the definition Zone the distance is changed to [two] [four] hull lengths.
Insert the rule number(s) and class name. Make a separate statement for the rules of each class.	1.6	Under rule 87, rule(s) _____ of the _____ class rules [will not apply] [is (are) changed as follows: _____].
	1.7	If there is a conflict between languages the English text will take precedence.
Insert the location(s).	2	NOTICES TO COMPETITORS Notices to competitors will be posted on the official notice board(s) located at _____.
Change the times if different.	3	CHANGES TO SAILING INSTRUCTIONS Any change to the sailing instructions will be posted before 0900 on the day it will take effect, except that any change to the schedule of races will be posted by 2000 on the day before it will take effect.
	4	SIGNALS MADE ASHORE
Insert the location.	4.1	Signals made ashore will be displayed at _____.
Insert the number of minutes.	4.2	When flag AP is displayed ashore, ‘1 minute’ is replaced with ‘not less than _____ minutes’ in the race signal AP.
	(OR)
Insert the number of minutes.	4.2	Flag D with one sound means ‘The warning signal will be made not less than _____ minutes after flag D is displayed. [Boats are requested not to leave the harbour until this signal is made.]’
Delete if covered by a class rule.	4.3	When flag Y is displayed ashore, rule 40 applies at all times while afloat. This changes the Part 4 preamble.
	5	SCHEDULE OF RACES
Revise as desired and insert the dates and classes. Include a practice race if any. When the series consists of qualifying races and final races, specify them. The schedule can also be given in an attachment.	5.1*	Dates of racing: Date Class ____ Class ____ _____ racing racing _____ racing reserve day _____ reserve day racing _____ racing racing _____ racing racing
Insert the classes and numbers.	5.2*	Number of races: Class Number Races per day _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
		One extra race per day may be sailed, provided that no class becomes more than one race ahead of schedule and the change is made according to instruction 3.
Insert the time.	5.3*	The scheduled time of the warning signal for the first race each day is _____.
	5.4	After a long postponement, to alert boats that a race or sequence of races will begin soon, an orange flag will be displayed with one sound for at least four minutes before a warning signal is displayed.
Insert the time.	5.5	On the last day of the regatta no warning signal will be made after _____.
Insert the classes and names or descriptions of the flags.	6*	CLASS FLAGS Class flags will be: Class Flag _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____
Insert a number or letter.	7	RACING AREAS Attachment _____ shows the location of racing areas.
	8	THE COURSES
Insert a number or letter. A method of illustrating various courses is shown in Addendum A. Insert the course length if applicable.	8.1*	The diagrams in Attachment _____ show the courses, including the approximate angles between legs, the order in which marks are to be passed, and the side on which each mark is to be left. [The approximate course length will be _____.]
	8.2	No later than the warning signal, the race committee signal boat will display the approximate compass bearing of the first leg.
	8.3	Courses will not be shortened. This changes rule 32.
Include only when changing positions of marks is impracticable.	8.4	Legs of the course will not be changed after the preparatory signal. This changes rule 33.
	9	MARKS
Change the mark numbers as needed and insert the descriptions of the marks. Use the second alternative when Marks 4S and 4P form a gate, with Mark 4S to be left to starboard and Mark 4P to port.	9.1*	Marks 1, 2, 3 and 4 will be _____.
	(OR)
	9.1*	Marks 1, 2, 3, 4S and 4P will be _____.
Unless it is clear from the course diagrams, list the marks that are rounding marks.	9.2	The following marks are rounding marks: _____.
Insert the descriptions of the marks.	9.3	New marks, as provided in instruction 12.1, will be _____.
Describe the starting and finishing marks: for example, the race committee signal boat at the starboard end and a buoy at the port end. Instruction 11.2 will describe the starting line and instruction 13 the finishing line.	9.4*	The starting and finishing marks will be _____.
	9.5	A race committee boat signalling a change of a leg of the course is a mark as provided in instruction 12.2.
Describe each area by its location and any easily recognized details of appearance.	10	AREAS THAT ARE OBSTRUCTIONS The following areas are designated as obstructions: _____.
	11	THE START
Include only if the asterisked option in rule 26 will be used. Insert the number of minutes.	11.1	Races will be started by using rule 26 with the warning signal made _____ minutes before the starting signal.
	(OR)
Describe any starting system other than that stated in rule 26.	11.1	Races will be started as follows: _____. This changes rule 26.
	11.2*	The starting line will be between staffs displaying orange flags on the starting marks.
	(OR)
	11.2*	The starting line will be between a staff displaying an orange flag on the starting mark at the starboard end and the port-end starting mark.
	(OR)
Insert the description.	11.2*	The starting line will be _____.
	11.3	Boats whose warning signal has not been made shall avoid the starting area during the starting sequence for other races.
Insert the number of minutes.	11.4	A boat starting later than _____ minutes after her starting signal will be scored Did Not Start without a hearing. This changes rules A4 and A5.
Insert the channel number.	11.5	If any part of a boat’s hull, crew or equipment is on the course side of the starting line during the two minutes before her starting signal and she is identified, the race committee will attempt to broadcast her sail number on VHF channel _____. Failure to make a broadcast or to time it accurately will not be grounds for a request for redress. This changes rule 62.1(a).
	12	CHANGE OF THE NEXT LEG OF THE COURSE
	12.1	To change the next leg of the course, the race committee will move the original mark (or the finishing line) to a new position.
	(OR)
	12.1	To change the next leg of the course, the race committee will lay a new mark (or move the finishing line) and remove the original mark as soon as practicable. When in a subsequent change a new mark is replaced, it will be replaced by an original mark.
Reverse ‘port’ and ‘starboard’ when the mark is to be left to starboard.	12.2	Except at a gate, boats shall pass between the race committee boat signalling the change of the next leg and the nearby mark, leaving the mark to port and the race committee boat to starboard. This changes rule 28.1.
	13*	THE FINISH The finishing line will be between staffs displaying orange flags on the finishing marks.
	(OR)
		The finishing line will be between a staff displaying an orange flag on the finishing mark at the starboard end and the port-end finishing mark.
	(OR)
Insert the description.		The finishing line will be _____.
	14	PENALTY SYSTEM
Include instruction 14.1 only when the Two-Turns Penalty will not be used. Insert the number of places or describe the penalties.	14.1	The Scoring Penalty, rule 44.3, will apply. The penalty will be _____ places.
	(OR)
	14.1	The penalties are as follows: _____.
Insert the class(es).	14.2	For the _____ class(es) rule 44.1 is changed so that the Two-Turns Penalty is replaced by the One-Turn Penalty.
Here and below, use ‘jury’ only when referring to an international jury.	14.3	As provided in rule 67, the [protest committee] [jury] may, without a hearing, penalize a boat that has broken rule 42.
	(OR)
Unless all of Appendix P applies, state any restrictions.	14.3	Appendix P will apply [as changed by instruction(s) [14.2] [and] [14.4]].
Recommended only for junior events.	14.4	Rule P2.3 will not apply and rule P2.2 is changed so that it will apply to any penalty after the first one.
	15	TIME LIMITS AND TARGET TIMES
Insert the classes and times. Omit the Mark 1 time limit and target time if inapplicable.	15.1*	Time limits and target times are as follows: Class Time limit Mark 1 Target time limit time _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ If no boat has passed Mark 1 within the Mark 1 time limit the race will be abandoned. Failure to meet the target time will not be grounds for redress. This changes rule 62.1(a).
Insert the time (or different times for different classes).	15.2	Boats failing to finish within _____ after the first boat sails the course and finishes will be scored Did Not Finish without a hearing. This changes rules 35, A4 and A5.
	16	PROTESTS AND REQUESTS FOR REDRESS
State the location if necessary.	16.1	Protest forms are available at the race office[, located at _____]. Protests and requests for redress or reopening shall be delivered there within the appropriate time limit.
Change the time if different.	16.2	For each class, the protest time limit is 90 minutes after the last boat has finished the last race of the day.
Change the posting time if different. Insert the protest room location and, if applicable, the time for the first hearing.	16.3	Notices will be posted no later than 30 minutes after the protest time limit to inform competitors of hearings in which they are parties or named as witnesses. Hearings will be held in the protest room, located at _____, beginning at [the time posted] [_____].
	16.4	Notices of protests by the race committee or [protest committee] [jury] will be posted to inform boats under rule 61.1(b).
	16.5	A list of boats that, under instruction 14.3, have been penalized for breaking rule 42 will be posted.
	16.6	Breaches of instructions 11.3, 18, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26 and 27 will not be grounds for a protest by a boat. This changes rule 60.1(a). Penalties for these breaches may be less than disqualification if the [protest committee] [jury] so decides. The scoring abbreviation for a discretionary penalty imposed under this instruction will be DPI.
	16.7	On the last scheduled day of racing a request for reopening a hearing shall be delivered
		(a) within the protest time limit if the requesting party was informed of the decision on the previous day;
Change the time if different.		(b) no later than 30 minutes after the requesting party was informed of the decision on that day.
		This changes rule 66.
	16.8	On the last scheduled day of racing a request for redress based on a [protest committee] [jury] decision shall be delivered no later than 30 minutes after the decision was posted. This changes rule 62.2.
Include only if the protest committee is an international jury or another provision of rule 70.5 applies.	16.9	Decisions of the [protest committee] [jury] will be final as provided in rule 70.5.
	17	SCORING
Include only if the Low Point System is replaced by the Bonus Point System.	17.1*	The Bonus Point System of Appendix A will apply.
	(OR)
Include only if neither of the Appendix A scoring systems will be used. Describe the system.	17.1*	The scoring system is as follows: _____.
Insert the number.	17.2*	_____ races are required to be completed to constitute a series.
Insert the numbers throughout.	17.3	(a) When fewer than _____ races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores.
		(b) When from _____ to _____ races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores excluding her worst score.
		(c) When _____ or more races have been completed, a boat’s series score will be the total of her race scores excluding her two worst scores.
	18	SAFETY REGULATIONS
Insert the procedure for check-out and check-in.	18.1	Check-Out and Check-In: _____.
	18.2	A boat that retires from a race shall notify the race committee as soon as possible.
	19	REPLACEMENT OF CREW OR EQUIPMENT
	19.1	Substitution of competitors will not be allowed without prior written approval of the [race committee] [protest committee] [jury].
	19.2	Substitution of damaged or lost equipment will not be allowed unless authorized by the [race committee] [protest committee] [jury]. Requests for substitution shall be made to the committee at the first reasonable opportunity.
	20	EQUIPMENT AND MEASUREMENT CHECKS A boat or equipment may be inspected at any time for compliance with the class rules and sailing instructions. On the water, a boat can be instructed by a race committee equipment inspector or measurer to proceed immediately to a designated area for inspection.
See ISAF Regulation 20.3(d). Insert necessary information on the advertising material.	21	ADVERTISING Boats [shall] [may] display advertising supplied by the organizing authority as follows: _____.
Insert the descriptions. If appropriate, use different identification markings for boats performing different duties.	22	OFFICIAL BOATS Official boats will be marked as follows: _____.
	23	SUPPORT BOATS
	23.1	Team leaders, coaches and other support personnel shall stay outside areas where boats are racing from the time of the preparatory signal for the first class to start until all boats have finished or retired or the race committee signals a postponement, general recall or abandonment.
Insert the identification markings. National letters are suggested for international events.	23.2	Support boats shall be marked with _____.
	24	TRASH DISPOSAL Boats shall not put trash in the water. Trash may be placed aboard support and race committee boats.
	25	HAUL-OUT RESTRICTIONS Keelboats shall not be hauled out during the regatta except with and according to the terms of prior written permission of the race committee.
	26	DIVING EQUIPMENT AND PLASTIC POOLS Underwater breathing apparatus and plastic pools or their equivalent shall not be used around keelboats between the preparatory signal of the first race and the end of the regatta.
Insert any alternative text that applies. Describe the radio communication bands or frequencies that will be used or allowed.	27	RADIO COMMUNICATION Except in an emergency, a boat shall neither make radio transmissions while racing nor receive radio communications not available to all boats. This restriction also applies to mobile telephones.
If perpetual trophies will be awarded state their complete names.	28	PRIZES Prizes will be given as follows: _____.
The laws applicable to the venue in which the event is held may limit disclaimers. Any disclaimer should be drafted to comply with those laws.	29	DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY Competitors participate in the regatta entirely at their own risk. See rule 4, Decision to Race. The organizing authority will not accept any liability for material damage or personal injury or death sustained in conjunction with or prior to, during, or after the regatta.
Insert the currency and amount.	30	INSURANCE Each participating boat shall be insured with valid third-party liability insurance with a minimum cover of _____ per event or the equivalent.

ADDENDUM A

ILLUSTRATING THE COURSE

Shown here are diagrams of course shapes. The boat’s track is represented by a discontinuous line so that each diagram can describe courses with different numbers of laps. If more than one course may be used for a class, state how each particular course will be signalled.

A Windward-Leeward Course

Start – 1 – 2 – 1 – 2 – Finish

Options for this course include

(1) increasing or decreasing the number of laps,

(2) deleting the last windward leg,

(3) using a gate instead of a leeward mark,

(4) using an offset mark at the windward mark, and

(5) using the leeward and windward marks as starting and finishing marks.

A Windward-Leeward-Triangle Course

Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – 1 – 3 – Finish

Options for this course include

(1) increasing or decreasing the number of laps,

(2) deleting the last windward leg,

(3) varying the interior angles of the triangle (45º–90º–45º and 60º–60º–60º are common),

(4) using a gate instead of a leeward mark for downwind legs,

(5) using an offset mark at the beginning of downwind legs, and

(6) using the leeward and windward marks as starting and finishing marks.

Be sure to specify the interior angle at each mark.

Trapezoid Courses

Start – 1 – 2 – 3 – 2 – 3 – Finish Start – 1 – 4 – 1 – 2 – 3 – Finish

Options for these courses include

(1) adding additional legs,

(2) replacing the gate shown by a single mark, or using a gate also in the outer loop,

(3) varying the interior angles of the reaching legs,

(4) using an offset mark at the beginning of downwind legs, and

(5) finishing boats upwind rather than on a reach.

Be sure to specify the interior angle of each reaching leg.

ADDENDUM B

BOATS PROVIDED BY THE ORGANIZING AUTHORITY

The following sailing instruction is recommended when all boats will be provided by the organizing authority. It can be changed to suit the circumstances. When used, it should be inserted after instruction 3.

4 BOATS

4.1 Boats will be provided for all competitors, who shall not modify them or cause them to be modified in any way except that

(a) a compass may be tied or taped to the hull or spars;

(b) wind indicators, including yarn or thread, may be tied or taped anywhere on the boat;

(d) adhesive tape may be used anywhere above the water line; and

(e) all fittings or equipment designed to be adjusted may be
adjusted, provided that the class rules are complied with.

4.2 All equipment provided with the boat for sailing purposes shall be in the boat while afloat.

4.3 The penalty for not complying with one of the above instructions will be disqualification from all races sailed in which the instruction was broken.

4.4 Competitors shall report any damage or loss of equipment, however slight, to the organizing authority’s representative immediately after securing the boat ashore. The penalty for breaking this instruction, unless the [protest committee] [jury] is satisfied that the competitor made a determined effort to comply, will be disqualification from the race most recently sailed.

4.5 Class rules requiring competitors to be members of the class association will not apply.

APPENDIX M

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES

This appendix is advisory only; in some circumstances changing these procedures may be advisable. It is addressed primarily to protest committee chairmen but may also help judges, protest committee secretaries, race committees and others connected with protest and redress hearings.

In a protest or redress hearing, the protest committee should weigh all testimony with equal care; should recognize that honest testimony can vary, and even be in conflict, as a result of different observations and recollections; should resolve such differences as best it can; should recognize that no boat or competitor is guilty until a breach of a rule has been established to the satisfaction of the protest committee; and should keep an open mind until all the evidence has been heard as to whether a boat or competitor has broken a rule.

M1 PRELIMINARIES (may be performed by race office staff)

● Receive the protest or request for redress.

● Note on the form the time the protest or request is delivered and the protest time limit.

● Inform each party, and the race committee when necessary, when and where the hearing will be held.

M2 BEFORE THE HEARING

Make sure that

● each party has a copy of or the opportunity to read the protest or request for redress and has had reasonable time to prepare for the hearing.

● no member of the protest committee is an interested party. Ask the parties whether they object to any member. When redress is requested under rule 62.1(a), a member of the race committee should not be a member of the protest committee.

● only one person from each boat (or party) is present unless an interpreter is needed.

● all boats and people involved are represented. If they are not, however, the committee may proceed under rule 63.3(b).

● boats’ representatives were on board when required (rule 63.3(a)). When the parties were in different races, both organizing authorities must accept the composition of the protest committee (rule 63.8). In a measurement protest obtain the
current class rules and identify the authority responsible for
interpreting them (rule 64.3(b)).

M3 THE HEARING

M3.1 Check the validity of the protest or request for redress.

● Are the contents adequate (rule 61.2 or 62.1)?

● Was it delivered in time? If not, is there good reason to extend the time limit (rule 61.3 or 62.2)?

● When required, was the protestor involved in or a witness to the incident (rule 60.1(a))?

● When necessary, was ‘Protest’ hailed and, if required, a red flag displayed correctly (rule 61.1(a))?

● When the flag or hail was not necessary, was the protestee
informed?

● Decide whether the protest or request for redress is valid (rule 63.5).

● Once the validity of the protest or request has been determined, do not let the subject be introduced again unless truly new
evidence is available.

M3.2 Take the evidence (rule 63.6).

● Ask the protestor and then the protestee to tell their stories. Then allow them to question one another. In a redress matter, ask the party to state the request.

● Invite questions from protest committee members.

● Make sure you know what facts each party is alleging before calling any witnesses. Their stories may be different.

● Allow anyone, including a boat’s crew, to give evidence. It is the party who normally decides which witnesses to call,
although the protest committee may also call witnesses (rule 63.6). The question asked by a party ‘Would you like to hear N?’ is best answered by ‘It is your choice.’

● Call each party’s witnesses (and the protest committee’s if any) one by one. Limit parties to questioning the witness(es) (they may wander into general statements).

● Invite the protestee to question the protestor’s witness first (and vice versa). This prevents the protestor from leading his
witness from the beginning.

● Allow a member of the protest committee who saw the incident to give evidence (rule 63.6) but only in the presence of the
parties. The member may be questioned and may remain in the room (rule 63.3(a)).

● Try to prevent leading questions or hearsay evidence, but if that is impossible discount the evidence so obtained.

● Accept written evidence from a witness who is not available to be questioned only if all parties agree. In doing so they forego their rights to question that witness (rule 63.6).

● Ask one member of the committee to note down evidence,
particularly times, distances, speeds, etc.

● Invite first the protestor and then the protestee to make a final statement of her case, particularly on any application or interpretation of the rules.

M3.3 Find the facts (rule 63.6).

● Write down the facts; resolve doubts one way or the other.

● Call back parties for more questions if necessary.

● When appropriate, draw a diagram of the incident using the facts you have found.

M3.4 Decide the protest or request for redress (rule 64).

● Base the decision on the facts found (if you cannot, find some more facts).

● In redress cases, make sure that no further evidence is needed from boats that will be affected by the decision.

M3.5 Inform the parties (rule 65).

● Recall the parties and read them the facts found, conclusions and rules that apply, and the decision. When time presses it is permissible to read the decision and give the details later.

● Give any party a copy of the decision on request. File the
protest or request for redress with the committee records.

M4 REOPENING A HEARING (rule 66)

When a party, within the time limit, has asked for a hearing to be
reopened, hear the party making the request, look at any video, etc., and decide whether there is any material new evidence that might lead you to change your decision. Decide whether your interpretation of the rules may have been wrong; be open-minded as to whether you have made a mistake. If none of these applies refuse to reopen; otherwise schedule a hearing.

M5 GROSS MISCONDUCT (rule 69)

M5.1 An action under this rule is not a protest, but the protest committee gives its allegations in writing to the competitor before the hearing. The hearing is conducted under the same rules as other hearings but the protest committee must have at least three members (rule 69.1(b)). Use the greatest care to protect the competitor’s rights.

M5.2 A competitor or a boat cannot protest under rule 69, but the protest form of a competitor who tries to do so may be accepted as a report to the protest committee, which can then decide whether or not to call a hearing.

M5.3 When it is desirable to call a hearing under rule 69 as a result of a Part 2 incident, it is important to hear any boat-vs.-boat protest in the normal way, deciding which boat, if any, broke which rule, before proceeding against the competitor under this rule.

M5.4 Although action under rule 69 is taken against a competitor, not a boat, a boat may also be penalized (rule 69.1(b)).

M5.5 The protest committee may warn the competitor (rule 69.1(b)(1)), in which case no report is to be made (rule 69.1(c)). When a penalty is imposed and a report is made as required by rule 69.1(c) or 69.1(e), it may be helpful to recommend whether or not further action should be taken.

M6 APPEALS (rule 70 and Appendix F)

When decisions can be appealed,

● retain the papers relevant to the hearing so that the information can easily be used for an appeal. Is there a diagram endorsed or prepared by the protest committee? Are the facts found sufficient? (Example: Was there an overlap? Yes or No. ‘Perhaps’ is not a fact found.) Are the names of the protest committee members and other important information on the form?

● comments by the protest committee on any appeal should
enable the appeals committee to picture the whole incident clearly; the appeals committee knows nothing about the
situation.

M7 PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE

Photographs and videotapes can sometimes provide useful evidence but protest committees should recognize their limitations and note the following points:

● The party producing the photographic evidence is responsible for arranging the viewing.

● View the tape several times to extract all the information from it.

● The depth perception of any single-lens camera is very poor; with a telephoto lens it is non-existent. When the camera views two overlapped boats at right angles to their course, it is impossible to assess the distance between them. When the camera views them head on, it is impossible to see whether an overlap exists unless it is substantial.

● Ask the following questions:

· Where was the camera in relation to the boats?

· Was the camera’s platform moving? If so in what direction and how fast?

· Is the angle changing as the boats approach the critical point? Fast panning causes radical change.

· Did the camera have an unrestricted view throughout?

Abandon: Race Signals, 27.3, 32.1, 35, C3.2, E3.10, J2.2(35),
Postpone, Racing

abandoned race and disqualification: 30.3, B3.4

abandoned race and redress: 64.2

abandoned race, scoring and
penalties: 30.2, 30.3, 35, 90.3(a), P3

about to round or pass: B1.1, B3.1(a)(b)

acceptance of the rules: 3

advantage gained in a race: 42.3(h), 44.1(b), C8.3(a), D2.2(d), D3.1

Advertising Code, ISAF Regulation 20: Introduction, 76.1, 80, 86.1(a), J1.2(2), J2.2(1), Rule

advertising: B2.4(b)

aground, grounding: 22, 42.3(g), E4.2(b)(1), E5.5(a)

allegations of gross misconduct: 69

allege, alleged, allegation of: 5, 60.1(a), 69, E5.1, E5.7, Protest

anchor line of mark: Part 2 Section C preamble, Mark

anchor, anchored, anchoring: 22, 45

Anti-Doping Code, ISAF Regulation 21: Introduction, 5, 86.1(a), Rule

appeal, intent to (measurement): 64.3(c)

appeal, no right of, no request for: 70.5, B7.4, C9.1, D2.4(c), J1.2(12), J2.2(31)

appeal, right of: 70.1, N1.7

appeal decisions: 71

appeal, different national authorities: 70.3

appeal, withdrawing: F6

appeals procedures: 3(b), 70.6, F

appendix, changes to, no changes to: 86.1(a), G5, F, H, N preambles

arm signal: C2.7

avoid, avoiding contact: 14, 18.3(a), 22, E2, Keep Clear,
Obstruction

Backing a sail: 21.3

bail out: 45, 51

ballast, movable: 51

beach start: B1.1, B3.3, B6.1(a)

beat to windward: 18.1(a), 42.3(c)

black flag by umpire: C5.4, D2.2(d)

black flag rule: Race Signals, 26, 30.3

boat owner: 2, 3, 69.1(c), 69.2(c), 78.1, G1.1(c), J1.2(6)

Bonus Point System: 90.3(a), A4, A4.1

boom: 50.3(a)(b)

bowsprit: 50.3(a)

breach of, breaking rule:
Sportsmanship and the Rules, 5, Part 2 preamble, 18.5, 20.2, 30.2, 30.3, 36, 43.1(c), 44.1, 60.3(a)(2), 62.1(b), 63.3(a), 64.1(a)(c)(d), 67, 68, 71.3, A11, B6.3(d), C8.2, C8.4, C10.4(b), D3.1, E4.7(b), E5.8, P2, Protest (See also advantage gained by, retire)

breach, gross: 69.1, 69.2(a), P2.3

breakdowns: D5

breaking rule 14: 14, C6.6(c), C8.6, D2.2(d), D2.4, D3.1(c)

breaking rule 42: 67, P

breaking rule against boat in other match: C10.4(b)

breaking rule and restarted or resailed races: 36

breaking rule of Part 2, 3 or 4: 63.3(a), E5.1, E5.4, E5.7

breaking rule of Part 2: 44.1, 60.1(a), 62.1(b), D2.1(c), E4.4, E5.5(a)

breaking rule, advantage gained: 44.1(b), C8.3(a), D2.2(d), D3.1(c)

breaking rule, failure to take penalty: D2.2(a), D2.2(d)(1), D2.3(a)

breaking rule, no advantage gained: C6.6(b)

breaking rule, penalties at time of
incident: 44

breaking rule, starting penalty: 30.2, 30.3

Call Book for Match Racing:
Introduction

Call Book for Team Racing:
Introduction

capsize, capsized: 22, B1.1, B1.2, B3.2(c)(f), B7.3, D5.3, E2

Case Book: Introduction

certificate (See measurement, rating, boat certificate)

change, changing course (See course, change of)

changes to prescriptions (See
prescriptions)

changes to rules (See rules, changes to)

changes to sailing instructions (See sailing instructions, changes to)

changing leg of course: Race Signals, 33

class association: 76.2, 89.1(d), G1.1(c), G2

class flag: Race Signals, 26, B3.2(b), J2.1(6)

class insignia: 77, B2.4(a)(b), E6(a)(d), E6(e)(1), G1.1(a), G1.3(a)(b), G2

class rules, changes to: 87, J1.2(9), J2.2(6)

class rules, clothing and equipment: 43.1(b)

class rules, measurement protests: 64.3(a)

class rules: Introduction, 49.2, 78, 86.1(c), Rule

class, international: 76.2, G1

classification: J1.2(3) (See also Sailor Classification Code)

clear astern and clear ahead: 12, 17, 18.2(b)(e), 19.2(c), B1.2, B4.1(c), D1.1(b)

close-hauled course: 13, 18.3(a), 20.1, 42.3(d), C2.4, C7.2(a)(1), C7.3(a)

clothing and equipment: 43, H

Codes, ISAF (See ISAF Codes)

collision: 41(b), 42.3(g)

coming in and going out: B1.2, B4.1(a)(b)

compass bearing: 33(a)(1)

conduct of a race: 25–36, 85, 90.1, B3.3, E3, N2.3(b)

conflicting rules (See rules,
conflicting)

contact: 14, D1.2(a), D2.2(d)(1), E3.1, Keep Clear

continuing obstruction: (See
obstruction, continuing)

costs, measurement protest: 64.3(d)

course, change of by boat: 16, 20.3, 23.2, C2.9, D1.1(e), Keep Clear, Obstruction

course, change of by race committee: Race Signals, 32, 33, E3.10

course, designating: 27.1

course, proper (See proper course)

course area: B4.3(b)

course side of starting line: 29.1, 29.2, 30.1, A11, B3.4, C3.2(a), C4.2

course signals: Race Signals, 27.1

course, sailing the: 28, 35

course: Finish, Keep Clear,
Obstruction, Proper Course

court or tribunal: 3(c)

crew and movement of body (See propulsion)

crew: 29.1, 30, 41(a), 41(b), 42.1, 42.3(b)(c)(g), 47.2, 49, B3.4(a), Finish, Start

Damage and informing protestee: 61.1(a)(3)

damage and right-of-way boat: 14(b)

damage and rule 14: C6.2(a), C6.6(c), D2.2(d)(4), D2.4(a), D3.1(c)(2)

damage and rule of Part 2: 62.1(b)

damage by team member: D1.2(c)

damage, measurement deviation caused by: 64.3(a)

damage, serious: 44.1, 60.3(a)(1), 63.5

damages, financial: 68

danger: 1.1, 22, 42.3(f), 47.2

decision to race: 4

decisions by national authority: 71.4

decisions by protest committee: 64, B4.4, C6.6, C8.4, D2.4(b), D3.1(c), E5.8, Interested Party

decisions by umpires: C6.5, C8.4, D2.2(a)(b), D2.3

decisions, appeal of: 70.1, F

decisions, confirmation, correction of: 70.2, F1, F2.3

decisions, informing of: 65.1, 65.2

decisions, reversal of: 71.2

definitions (changes): B1, C2, D1.1(a), E1.3

Definitions, no changes to: 86.1

diagram of incident: 65.2, F2.2(b)

disciplinary action: 62.1(d), 69.2(a)

disciplines (racing, expression, speed): B preamble, B3–B6

disqualification and scoring: 2, 30.3, 90.3, A4.2, A6.1, A9, B8.5(b), C10.4(b)

disqualification of party to a protest hearing: 64.1(a)(b)

disqualification without hearing: 30.3, 67, B3.4(b), B6.3, P2

disqualification, measurement: 64.3(c), 78.2

disqualification: 2, 69.1(b)(2), A11, C5.4, C7.2(f), C8.5, E5.8

dry suit: 40.1, H3

Electronic communication: D1.2(b)

Eligibility Code, ISAF Regulation 19: Introduction, 69.2, 69.3, 75.2, 86.1(a), Rule

eligibility, suspension of: 69.2, 69.3, N2.2(a)

elimination series: B5, B7.2

engine, use of: 42.3(g)(h)

English, use of: 90.2(b), J2.2(5)

entries from other countries: 90.2(b), J1.2(4), J2.2(5)

entry and qualification: 75–81, B2.2, J1.2(5)(6)

equipment for increasing weight: 43.1(a)(b)(c), H1, H3

equipment inspection, inspector: 43.1(c), 78.3, H2, J1.2(7)

Equipment Rules of Sailing, The: J1.1(3), J2.1(2)

equipment, defective, repair,
replacement: B4.4, D5.3, E4.5(c)

equipment, limitations on: 47

equipment, substitution of: N2.2(b)

equipment: 1.2, 42.3(g), 43, 47.1, 78.3, H, Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap, Finish, Start

error by race committee, protest committee: 29.2, 32.1(a), 62.1(a), 66

evidence and redress: 64.2

evidence, new and significant: 66

evidence at hearings: 63.3(a), 63.5, 63.6, C6.6(a), D2.4(b), E5.7 (See also facts)

excluding a score: A2, A8.1, A8.2

exclusion of boat or competitor: 69.1(b)(2), 76, C6.6(c)

exclusion of witness from hearing: 63.3(a)

exonerate, exoneration: 18.5, 20.2, 64.1(c), C8.1(b)

expression competition: B preamble, B4, B5

Facts found, finding: 63.6, 65.1, 70.1, 71.3, E5.7

facts in appeal decision: 71.3

facts in measurement protests: 64.3(b)

facts in redress: 64.2

facts, assumed: F2.3

facts, inadequate, insufficient: D2.3(b), F5

facts, informing the parties: 65.1

facts, new: F5

fair play: 2

fair sailing: 2

fairness: 32.1(e), 63.7, 64.2, N2.1

fetching: 18.3, 20.3, C2.6

finish: Race Signals, 28.1, 31, 32.1, 35, 44.2, 44.3(a), 61.3, 90.3(a), A3, A4.1, A4.2, A5, A6.1, A9, A11, D1.1(d), D3.1(a), D3.2, Proper Course, Racing

finishing line: Race Signals, 28.1, 32.2, 33, 44.2, 44.3(a), C2.1, C3.3, E3.7, J2.1(6), Finish, Mark, Racing

finishing mark: Race Signals, 31, J2.1(5), Racing

finishing times, adjustment in redress: 64.2

first reasonable opportunity: 44.3(a), 61.1(a), 61.1(a)(1), D5.1

flag, incorrect: C8.2

flotation device: (See personal

flotation devices)

fog signals and lights: 48

footwear: 43.1(b)

four hull lengths: 86.1(b), E1.3(b), Zone

freestyle competition: B preamble

Gate: (See mark, gate)

general recall (See recall)

going out (See coming in and going out)

good manners: 69.1(a), 69.2(a)

government right-of-way rules: Part 2 preamble, 48, J2.2(2)

gross misconduct: 69, P2.3

grounding (See aground)

gybe, gybing: 18.4, 42.2(e), 42.3(b), 44.2, 50.2, B3.1(d), C2.4

Hail and time to respond: 20.1

hail by observer: E3.1

hail by or to umpire: D2.2(a), D2.2(b)(2), D2.2(d)

hail by protest committee: P1

hail by race committee: B3.4(b), E3.8, E3.9

hail for room: 20.1, C2.7

hail, come within: Race Signals

hail, in protest: 61.1(a), E5.2

hail, out of radio control: E4.8

hailing distance, beyond: 61.1(a)(1)

hails and arm signals: C2.7

handicap system: A3, A7, J1.1(4), J2.1(8), Rule

hauling out: 45, J2.2(25)

head to wind: 13, 18.2(c), C2.4, C7.3(a), C7.4(a), D1.1(b),
Leeward and Windward

hearing, new: 71.2

hearing, not entitled to: 5, D2.2(a), D2.3(a)

hearing, penalty without (See penalty without hearing)

hearing, reopening: 63.3(b), 66, 71.2, E5.10, F5

hearing, requirement for a: 63.1

hearing: 60.3, 61.1(c), 61.2, 63, 71.3, B7.2, D2.3(b), F5, J2.2(30), N1.4, N2.1, Party

hearing and rule 42: 67, P2

hearing by national authority: 69.2(a)

hearing, right to be present: 63.3(a), E5.6

hearing, time limit: J2.2(30)

helping those in danger: 1.1

hiking harness: 43.1(b)

hiking straps: 49.1

hull length: 17, 61.1(a)(2), 86.1(b), C2.3, D1.1(a), E1.3(b), J2.2(27), Obstruction, Zone

I flag rule: Race Signals, 21, 30.1, Start

identification on sails: 77, B2.4, B4.3(a), E6, G

ill, illness: 41(a), 47.2, N1.5

in writing, appeal decision: 71.4

in writing, gross misconduct
allegation: 69.1(a)

in writing, measurement issues: 43.1(c), 64.3(c), 78.3

in writing, protest, protest decision: 61.2, 65.2

in writing, redress request: 62.2, B7.2

in writing, sailing instructions changes: 90.2(a)(c)

individual recall (See recall)

information: 41(c), 41(d), 60.2(a), 60.3(a), 61.3, 63.2, 65.2, 65.3, 69.1(e), E3.2, E4.2(b), F5, J1.1, J1.2, J2.1, J2.2

informing competitor; rule 42

disqualification: 67

informing competitor, rule 69 hearing: 69.1(a)

informing national authorities: 69.3

informing other boat, protest: 61.1(a)

informing parties to a hearing: 65.1, F4

informing protest committee: C8.4

informing protestee: 61.1, E5.2

informing race committee: 44.3(b), B7.1, E5.3

informing umpires: C6.4(b)

injury: 14(b), 41(a), 44.1, 47.2, 61.1(a)(3), 62.1(b), 63.5, C6.2(a), C6.6(c), D1.2(c), D2.1(c), D2.2(d)(4), D2.4(a), D3.1(c)(2)

inside boat, board: 18.2(a)(b)(e), 18.3(b), 18.4, 19.2(b), B3.1(b)(d), C2.6, Mark-Room

inside overlap: 18.2(e), 18.3(b), 18.4, C2.6

interested party: 60.2(a), 60.3(a), 63.4, 71.1, E1.3(a), N3.3

interfere, interfering: 23.1, 23.2, B3.2(d), C2.8, C9.2, D1.1(d), D2.4(c)

interference, radio: E4.7(a), E5.5(a)

international class: 76.2, G1

international event: 86.2, G1.1(b)

International Judge: 70.5(c), N1.2, N1.4 (b), N1.5, N3.2

international jury: 89.2(b), 91(b), J2.2(32), N

International Regulations for
Preventing Collisions at Sea: Part 2 preamble, 48, J2.2(2)

International Sailing Federation (See ISAF)

interpretation of measurement rules: 64.3(b)

interpretation of rules, request for: 64.3(b), 70.4, F1, F2.3

interpretation of rules, The Case Book: Introduction

IRPCAS (See International
Regulations for Preventing
Collisions at Sea)

ISAF Codes, regulations:
Introduction, 5, 69.2(a)(b)(c), 69.3, 76.1, 79, 80, 86.1, 86.2, 89.2(b), 91(b), J1.2(2)(3), J2.2(1), Rule (See also
Advertising Code, Anti-Doping Code, Eligibility Code, Sailor Classification Code)

ISAF: Introduction, 69.2, 70.5(c), 75.1(a)(c), 75.2, 76.1, 76.2, 79, 80, 86.1(a), 86.2, 89.1(a)(b)(f), 89.2(b), B2.2, E6(a), G1.1(b)(c), G5, J1.2(3), J2.2(1), N1.1

ISAF Executive Committee: 69.3

Jumping: B1.2

jury (See international jury)

Keep clear: 62.1(b), B4.4, B6.1(d), E5.5(a)

keep clear: Part 2 Section A
preamble, 10–17, 19.2(c), 21, B4.1(a)(b)(c)(d), B6.1(b), B7.3, C2.4, C2.6, Obstruction

knockout series: C10.5, C11.2, C11.3(b)

Leeward and Windward: 11, 17, Keep Clear, Tack, Starboard or Port

leeward boat: 11, 17, Keep Clear, Leeward and Windward

lifelines: 43.2, 49.2

life-saving equipment, personal
flotation devices: Race Signals, 1.2, 27.1, 40.1, E1.4, J2.2(12)

Low Point System: 90.3(a), A4, A4.1, J1.2(13)

Mainsail: 50.1, E6, G1.1, Leeward and Windward

manual power: 52

marathon race: B preamble

mark-room: 14, 18.2, 18.3(b), 18.5, B3.1, C2.6, D1.1(b),
Obstruction

mark, gate: 18.4, 28.1(c), 32.2(c), 33, B3.1(d)

mark, missing, out of position: Race Signals, 32.1(d), 34

mark, moving: 27.2

mark, touching, holding: 31, 44.1(a), B2.5

mark: 18.1, 18.3, 18.4, 19.1, 27.2, 28, 30.2, 31, 32.2, 33, C2.1, C2.6, C4.1, C7.2(a)(c), C7.3(b), C7.4(a), E3.7, Finish, Zone, Racing, Start (See also
finishing mark, starting mark)

match racing rules: C

Match Racing, Call Book for:
Introduction

measurement protests, decisions: 64.3, 65.3, 78.3

measurement rule, doubt about: 64.3(b)

measurement, rating, boat certificate: 78.1, 78.2, B2.2, J1.2(7), N2.2(a)

measurer: 43.1(c), 78.3

misconduct, gross: 69, P2.3

moving astern: 21.3, 42.2(d)

National authority: Introduction, 66, 68, 69.1(c)(e), 69.2, 69.3, 70.3, 70.4, 70.5, 71.2, 71.3, 71.4, 75.1(a)(c), 86.1(a), 86.3, 88, 89.1, 91(b), F preamble, F2.1, F3, F4, F5, G1.1(b)(c), G2, N1.1, N1.3, N1.6, Rule

national letters: G1.1

navigable water: Part 2 Section C
preamble, Mark

night signals: J2.2(2)

normal position: C2.1, Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap,
Finish

notice board: 86.2, 90.2(c), B4.3(b), B5.3, B6.3(a)(b), B8.6(b), J2.2(10)

Notice of Race Guide: K

notice of race, changing: 89.2(a)

notice of race: 25, 63.7, 70.5, 86.2, 89.2(a), C preamble, F2.2(c), G3, J1, Rule

notice to competitors: Race Signals

Observer: 67, B6.4(a), E1.3(a), E3.1, E3.3, P1

obstruction: 18.1(d), 19, 20, E4.8, J2.2(17)

obstruction, continuing: 18.1(d), 19.1, 19.2(c), Obstruction

Offshore Racing Council: 76.2

One-Turn Penalty: 44.1, 44.2, D2.1(c), E4.4

ooching: 42.2(c)

opposite tack (See tack, opposite)

organizing authority: 62.1(a), 63.8, 69.1(f), 75.1, 76.1, 85, 86.2, 89.1, 89.2, 90.1, 91, B5.2(c), D5, J1.1(1), J2.2(7), N1.1, N2.1, N2.2, N2.3, Party

outrigger: 50.3

outside boat, board: 18.2(a)(b)(e), 19.2(b), B3.1(b)

outside help: 41, B4.4, E4.2(b)

overlap, broken: 18.2(c)

overlap, overlapped: 11, 17, 18.2(a)(b)(c)(e), 18.3(b), 18.4, 19.2 (b)(c), B1.2, C2.6, Clear Astern and Clear Ahead;
Overlap, Keep Clear, Leeward and Windward

overlap, reasonable doubt: 18.2(d)

overlapped, not: 12, 18.2(b)

overtaking: B1.2, B4.1(c)

owner (See boat owner)

Party to a hearing: 60.3(a)(2), 63.2, 63.3(a)(b), 63.4, 63.6, 64.1(a), 64.3(d), 65.1, 65.2, 66, 70.1, 71.3, 71.4, C9.1, F2.2(e), N1.4(b)

penalties, for breaking rule 42: P

penalty and measurement: 64.3(a)(c), 65.3

penalty and party to a hearing: 71.3

penalty and postponed, abandoned race: 30.2, 30.3, B3.4(b), P3

penalty by umpires: C3.1, C5, C8, D2.2(c)(d), D2.3(a)

penalty without hearing: 30.2, 30.3, 63.1, 67, A5, B3.4(b), B6.3(c), J2.2(28), P2

penalty, cancelled: C2.1, C7.2(d)(e), P3

penalty, completing: C2.1, C5.5, C7.4(b), Finish

penalty, informing of, reporting: 65.1, 69.1(c)(e), 69.2(c), 69.3

penalty, limits on: 64.1(b), C7.3

penalty, no: Part 2 preamble, 14(b), 36, 64.3(a), C5.1, C6.6(b)(3), D1.2(a), D2.2(b)(1)

penalty, not taken: C5.6, P2

penalty, scoring: 44.3

penalty, taking: Sportsmanship and the Rules, 21.2, 23.2, 44, C2.2, C7.2(a), C7.4, D2.1(c), D2.3(a), E4.4

penalty: Sportsmanship and the Rules, 2, 3(b), 30, 44, 64.1, 69.1(b)(2), B4.4, B6.3, C3.1, C5, C6.6, C7.2(b), C8, D2.1(c), D2.2(d), D3.1(b)(c), E3.6, E5.8, G4, P2, Finish (See also scoring
penalty, starting penalty)

person in charge: 46, 78.1, 78.2 (See also boat owner)

personal flotation devices: Race
Signals, 1.2, 27.1, 40, E1.4, J2.2(12)

port-tack boat keeping clear: 10, 16.2, B4.1(a)

positive buoyancy: 43.1(b)

possession: B1.2, B4.1(b)

postpone, postponed: Race Signals, 27.3, 30.2, 30.3, C3.2(b)(c), J2.2(35), P3, Racing

prescriptions, changes to:
Introduction, 88

prescriptions: Introduction, 68, 70.5(a), 86.1(a), 88, 90.2(b), J1.2(4), J2.2(4)(5), F, H, N
preambles, Rule

prizes: A7, C11.3(c), J1.2(14)

prohibited actions: 42.2

proper course: 17, 18.1(b), 18.4, 18.5(b), 23.2, B1.1, B3.1(d), C2.2, Mark-Room

propulsion: 42, B2.1(a), E4.3

propulsion and penalty without
hearing: 67, P2

protest between boats in different races: 63.8

protest by protest or race committee: 60.2, 60.3(a), 61.1(b)(c), 61.3

protest committee and appeals: 70, 71, F

protest committee and redress: A6.2, A10, B5.4(a), C9.2

protest committee and reopened
hearing: 66

protest committee and rule 42: 67, P

protest committee and rule 69: 60.2(c), 60.3(c), 69.1

protest committee and scoring: A5

protest committee decisions (See
decisions by protest committee)

protest committee procedures, appeal of: 70.1

protest committee request for
confirmation, correction of
decision: 70.2, F1, F2.3

protest committee, appointment,
composition, duties, rights of: 60.3, 63.6, 70.5(c), 85, 89.2(b), 91, F3, N, Abandon, Interested Party, Protest

protest committee, recommendations for: M

protest requirements, contents: 61

protest, informing protestee: 61.1, E5.2

protest, measurement: 43.1(c), 64.3, 65.3, 78.3

protest, no written: B7.2, C6.4(b)

protest, protest, no right to, no grounds for: 5, 60.1(a), 60.2(a), C6.2, D2.4

protest, right to: 60, C6.1

protest, time limit (See time limit, protest)

protest, validity, invalidity of: 60.2(a), 60.3(a), 63.5, 71.2, C6.4(b), E5.4

protest, withdrawing: 63.1

protest: 60, 61, 63.3(a)(b), 63.7, 64.1(a), 70.4, B7.1, B7.2, D2.1, N2.1, N3.2, P1, P2

protestee, protestor: 61.1, 61.2, E5.2, Party (See also party to a
hearing)

protests, redress, hearings,
misconduct and appeals: 60–71

pumping: 42.2(a)

Qualification to race (See entry and qualification)

Race committee, appointment of,
responsibilities: 89.2(b), 90, J2.2(38)

race committee, intending to protest: 61.1(b)

race committee: Race Signals,
Introduction, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 35, 43.1(c), 44.3(a), 76.1, 81, 85, 91, B3.3(c)(2), B3.4, B4.3(a)(c), B5, B6, B7.1, B8.6, C3.2, D3.2, Abandon, Mark, Party, Protest, Racing

race, conduct of (See conduct of a race)

race, decision to: 4

race, entry and qualifications: 75–81

race, racing: Introduction, 4, Part 2 preamble, 23.1, 31, Part 4
preamble, 44.1, 61.1(a), 64.3(c), 78.2, C2.8, C4.1, C7.2(b), D2.1(b), D3.2, D5.1, E3.1, E3.2, E3.3, E4.2(a)(b), E4.5, Obstruction

race, rescheduled (See rescheduled races)

race committee and rule 42: P3

race committee and rule 69: 60.2(c), 69.1(f)

race committee right to protest,
request redress: 60.2

race committee, improper action or omission by, and redress: 62.1(a)

race office, protests and requests for redress to: 61.3, 63.1

race officials, appointment of: 89.2(b)

race organization: 85–91

race signals: Race Signals, 25, 26, C3, E1.2, E3.5, Rule

racing area: Part 2 preamble, 61.1, E5.2, J2.2(15)

racing rule: Introduction, 3, 86.1, 86.2, J1.2(1), J2.2(3), N1.1

racing, not: Part 2 preamble, 23.1, 62.1(b), 64.1(d), C2.8, E3.3, E4.2(b)(2), E5.5(a)(f)

radio-controlled boat racing rules: E

radios: E4.5(c), J2.2(25)

rating certificate (See measurement, rating, boat certificates)

rating systems: A3, A7, J1.1(4), J2.1(8), Rule

reasonably possible: 14, 61.1(b), 61.1(c), C2.8, C7.2(a)(1), C7.3(c), C7.4(b), P1

recall, general: 29.2, 30.3, B3.4, E3.9, J2.2(21), P3, Racing

recall, individual: 29.1, E3.8, J2.2(21)

recall: Race Signals, 26, Racing

Recommendations for Protest
Committees: M

Recovering: B1.2

red flag (protest, penalty): 61.1(a), C5.3, C6.1(b), C6.4(b), C6.5(b), C7.3(d), D2.2(b)(2), D2.2(d)

red flag, not required: 61.1(a)(2)(3), 62.2

redress, appeal: 71.2, F2.2(a)

redress, no: B5.2(c), B8.6(f), C9.1, D1.2(c), D2.4(c), P4

redress, time limits: 62.2, C6.3, E5.5(b)

redress: 60, 62, 63, 64.2, 65.1, 71.2, A6.2, A10, B5.4(a), B7, C6.3, C6.4, C9, D2.4(c), D5, E5.5, E5.9, N2.1, N3.2, P4, Party

Regulation 19, ISAF (See Eligibility Code)

Regulation 20, ISAF (See Advertising Code)

Regulation 21, ISAF (See
Anti-Doping Code)

Regulation 22, ISAF (See Sailor
Classification Code)

Regulation 31.1.3, ISAF: 86.2

repairs: 45, E4.5(c), E5.9

representative: 61.2(d), 63.3(a), J1.2(6)

required side: 28.1, 28.2, F2.2(b)

resail, restart: 30.2, 30.3, 36, C6.6(b)(2), D5.2, J2.2(35), Abandon

rescheduled races: 81

responsibility, personal: 1.2, 4, E1.4

retire: Sportsmanship and the Rules, 44.1(b), 90.3(a), A4.1, A4.2, A5, A6.1, A9, A11, B7.1, C6.3, D3.2, E4.8, E5.4, P2.2, P2.3, Racing

review procedures: 3(b)

revision, racing rules: Introduction

right of way and avoiding contact: 14

right of way, acquiring: 15

right-of-way boat: Part 2 Section A preamble, 14, 16.1, 18.4

rocking, rolling: 42.2(b), 42.3(a)(b)

room, hail for: 20.1, C2.6(a)

room, not entitled to: 18.2(b)(c), 19.2(b)

room, to tack or gybe: 20.1, C2.6, Mark-Room

room: 14, 15, 16, 19.2 (b)(c),
Obstruction

round-robin series: C10.4, C11

rounding a mark: 18, 28.1, C7.2(c)

rule 14, breaking: C6.2, C6.6(c), D2.1(b), D2.2(d)(4), D2.3(a), D2.4(a), D3.1(c)(2)

rule 42, special procedures for: P

rule interpretation, request for: 64.3(b), 70.4, F1, F2.3

rule not mentioned in protest: 64.1(a)

rule: Sportsmanship and the Rules, 3,

36, 64.1, 65.1, 68, 69.2(a), 70.4, 71.3, 78.2, 85, 90.1, F1, F2.3, J1.1(1), J1.2(6), J2.1(1)(9), Protest, Rule

rules, acceptance of the: 3

rules, breaking (See breach)

rules, changes to, revision of:
Introduction, 86, B, C, D, E, F preambles, G5

rules, conflicting: Introduction, 63.7, C8.1(b)

rules, developing, testing: 86.3

rules, match racing: C

rules, no change to: 86.1(a), H
preamble, N preamble

rules, radio-controlled boat racing: E

rules, team racing: D

rules, windsurfing competition: B

Safety: 1, 20.3, 32.1(e), 48, 49.2, J2.2(12)

sail identification, measurement, numbers, advertising: 77, B2.4, B4.3(a), E6, G

sail, changing, reefing, setting,
sheeting: 45, 50, E4.5(c)

Sailing Instructions Guide: L

sailing instructions, changes to
prescriptions: 88

sailing instructions, changes to: 90.2(c), N2.3(a)

sailing instructions, rule changes:
Introduction, Part 2 preamble, 86.1(b)

sailing instructions: Introduction, Part 2 preamble, 25, 26, 27.1, 43.1, 44.1, 44.3(c), 49.2, 61.3, 63.7, 67, 70.5, 86.1, 86.2, 90.2, 90.3, A1, A2, A4, B2.3(b), B3.3, B4.3(b), B8.1, B8.6, C3.1, C10.5, D2.1(c), D2.2, D2.3, E1.2, E3.3, F preamble, F2.2(c), G1.1(b), G3, H
preamble, J, N preamble, N1.4(b), N1.6, P preamble, Mark, Obstruction, Rule

sailing the course: 28, 35

Sailor Classification Code, ISAF regulation 22: 79, J1.2(3), Rule

same tack (See tack, same)

scoring abbreviations: A11

scoring penalty: 30.2, 44.1, 44.3, A4.2

scoring redress: 64.2, A6.2, A10, A11

scoring ties: A7, A8, B8.8, C11, D4.2, D4.3

scoring, excluded races: 2, 30.3, 90.3(b), A2, P2.2, P2.3

scoring: 35, 69.1(b)(2), 90.3, A, B3.4, B4.3, B5, B8, C10, D3, D4, J1.2(13), J2.1(9) (See also
disqualification)

sculling: 42.2(d), 42.3(d), C2.11

seamanship: 42.1, Room

shortening the course: Race Signals, 32, E3.10, J2.2(24)

signals, absence of sound: 26, B3.3(b), C3.1

signals, arm: C2.6

signals, night: J2.2(2)

signals, oral: E3.5, E3.6, P1

signals: Race Signals, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 33, 34, 40, 48, B3.3, B4.2, B6.2, C3, E1.2, E3.5, E3.9, J2.2(2)(12)(14)(21)(23)

skin friction: 53

slalom racing: B preamble, B5

speed: 42.1, 42.3(b)(e)

speed competition: B preamble, B6

spinnaker staysail: 54

spinnaker, spinnaker pole: 50.1, 50.2, 50.3(c), 50.4, G1.1

sportsmanship: Sportsmanship and the Rules, 2, 69.1(a), 69.2(a), 86.1(a), C8.3(c), D2.2(d)(3)

stability: 51

standing rigging: 52

starboard-tack boat: 10, 16.2, B4.1(a)

start, before the: Race Signals, 27, 76.1, C4, E3.5

start, did not: A4.2, A5, A9, A11, B8.5(b), C8.5,

start, new: 29.2, E3.9 (See also resail, restart)

start: Part 2 Section C preamble, 21.1, 28.1, 28.2, 30.1, 31, A4.1, B1, B6.1, C3.2, E5.8

starting area: Race Signals, A9, A11, B6.1(a)(d), J2.2(12)(20)(34)

starting errors: 21

starting line, extensions of: 21.1, 29.1, 30.1, C3.2, Mark

starting line: 21.1, 28.2, 29, 30, B1.1, C4.1, E3.7, Mark, Start

starting mark, holding: B2.5

starting mark: 18.1(a), 19.2, 27.2, 28.2, 31, C4.1

starting penalty: 30, A4.2

starting procedure, error in: 29.3, 32.1(a)

starting races: 26, B3.3, B4.2, C3.1, E3.5

steering: 42.2(b)(3), 42.3(a)

string representing track (sailing the course): 28.1

substitution (competitors, boats, sails, equipment): N2.2(b)

surfing, Surfing: 42.3(c), B1.2

swim: 47.2

Tack, opposite: 10, 18.1(a)(b), 18.3, C2.4, Clear Astern and Clear Ahead; Overlap

tack, room to: 20.1, C2.7, Mark-Room

tack, same: 11, 12, 17, 20.1, Keep Clear, Leeward and Windward

tack, change tack: 13, 18.1(b), 18.2(c), 18.3, 20.1

tacking and propulsion: 42.2(e), 42.3(b)

team racing rules: D

terminology: Introduction

three hull lengths: Zone

ties, scoring (See scoring ties)

time limit, appeals: F2.1

time limit, extension of: 61.3, 62.2

time limit, finish: 32.1(c), 35, 90.3, J2.1(7), J2.2(18)

time limit, protest decision
information: 65.2

time limit, protest: 44.3(a), 61.1(a)(b), 61.3, E5.3, J2.2(30), N1.4(b)

time limit, reopening a hearing: 66, E5.10, F2.1

time limit, request for redress: 62.2, C6.3, E5.5(b)

time to respond: 19.1

touching, holding a mark: 31, 44.1(a), B2.5

track: 28.1

transition: B1.2, B4.1(d)

trapeze harness: 43.1(b)

tribunal or court: 3(c)

trim: 42.1, 50.1, 51

turns (See penalty turns)

two hull lengths: 17, 86.1(b), C2.3, D1.1(a)

Umpire: Introduction, 89.2(b), C
preamble, C3.1, C5, C6.4, C6.5, C7.2, C7.3(d), C7.4(b)(c), C8, C9.2, C9.3, D preamble, D2.2, D2.3, D2.4

Validity, invalidity of protest: 60.2(a), 60.3(a), 63.5, 71.2, C6.4(b), E5.4

validity of measurement or rating
certificate: 78.1, 78.2

verification (times and speeds): B6.3(d), B6.4

visual and sound signals: Race
Signals, 25

Warn, warning the competitor: 69.1(b)(1), 69.1(c), B6.3(a), C8.2, E1.5, G4

wave performance competition: B preamble

weather: 1.2, 32.1(b), E3.10

weight of clothing, equipment: 43.1, B2.1(b), H

wet suit: 40

whisker pole: 50.2, 50.3(c)

wind: 32.1(c), 42.1, 42.2(e), 42.3(c), B2.1(a)

windsurfing competition rules: B

windward boat, board: 11, 17, B1.2, Keep Clear

windward, beat to: 18.1(a), 42.3(c)

witness: 63.3(a), 63.4, 63.6

World Anti-Doping Agency: 5

World Anti-Doping Code: 5

World Sailing Speed Record Council (WSSRC): B6.4

Yellow flag, identification: C4.1

yellow flag, race committee signal: B3.3(b), B4.2(a), B6.2(a), C3.1, C3.2(a)

yellow flag, request by boat: D2.2(a)

yellow flag, scoring penalty: 44.3

Finishing place	Low Point System	Bonus Point System
First	1	0
Second	2	3
Third	3	5.7
Fourth	4	8
Fifth	5	10
Sixth	6	11.7
Seventh	7	13
Each place thereafter	Add 1 point	Add 1 point

Overall length	Minimum height	Minimum space between characters and from edge of sail
under 3.5 m	230 mm	45 mm
3.5 m – 8.5 m	300 mm	60 mm
8.5 m – 11 m	375 mm	75 mm
over 11 m	450 mm	90 mm

AP over H Races not started are postponed. Further signals ashore. AP over A Races not started are postponed. No more racing today.

AP over H Races not started are postponed.
Further signals ashore.

AP over A Races not started are postponed. No more racing today.